If you own a manor, whether it is located outside the city or is part of the house, it should be provided with water. Without moisture, plantations cannot grow, and you yourself can’t provide yourself with comfort.
This process may seem very grandiose, but it can be implemented on their own. For this, you do not even need heavy drilling equipment. To date, several drilling methods are known that are simple to implement and do not involve significant efforts.
Which well to choose
Well in the country can be represented:
- well;
- filter well;
- filterless artesian well.
A well in the presence of a good spring will quickly fill up and become a reservoir of water, which holds up to 2 m 3 of water. As for the well in the sand, it is a 100-mm pipe, which is immersed to a depth of 30 m. In this process, a screw is used.
On the recessed end, a stainless mesh is fixed that acts as a filter. It is located in the sand of a large fraction. The minimum depth of the water source is 10 m, while the maximum value is 50 m. Such a filtration well can be operated from 5 to 15 years.
The well in the country can also be represented by a filter artesian source of water. It is used to extract life-giving moisture from formations of porous limestone rocks. The well is deepened to 100 m, and its life can reach half a century. The exact depth cannot be determined in advance. Tentatively, this value is the same as for those wells that are located in neighboring areas. Deviations are possible due to uneven occurrence of soil layers. It is necessary to buy casing pipes taking into account the parameters of water supply sources in neighboring sections. In this case, only a small adjustment is taken into account.
Used drilling tool
If you want to know how to make a well in the country yourself, you should familiarize yourself with the list of drilling tools, namely:
- auger drill;
- drill glass;
- spoon drill;
- bailer;
- drill bit.
Auger drill is also called auger and is designed for rotary drilling. This approach is relevant for homogeneous soil of normal density. In this case we are talking about loam, soft clays, as well as wet steps. If we compare the auger with a garden drill, then the first is two-way. Otherwise, the asymmetry of the soil resistance force will lead the tool to the side, which will cause it to become stuck.
If you look at the photos of wells at the dachas at the stage of their drilling, you can understand that a drill glass, which is also called a Schitz drill, can be used in the process of work. Such a device is used for viscous bound and strongly sticky soils in which the screw could get stuck. The drill glass is an integral tool when working with a rope-shock method.
For loose and loose soils, a spoon drill is used, which is part of the rotational or rotational technology. To clean the trunk from crumbling soil, a bellow is used. It is indispensable if there is a floating soft semi-liquid rock or loose soil in the territory. The bailer is used for shock-rope drilling.
If during the work you encounter difficulties, then you will have to use a drill bit. It is intended for breaking boulders. In the cross section of the tool lies a plate that has rounded edges. The inner diameter is a caliber from which 5 mm is subtracted. A drill bit is used when drilling an impact rod.
Using the manual method while drilling
The well in the country can be equipped manually. To do this, prepare:
- rods;
- drill rig;
- Boer;
- casing;
- winch.
The tower will be needed when digging a deep well. This design provides immersion and lifting of the drill with booms. If we are talking about a shallow well, then you can manually remove the drill string. Some masters do without using a tower at all.
You can make drill rods from pipes that are interconnected by threads and dowels. The lowest bar is equipped with a drill. Cutting tips can be made from 3 mm sheet steel. When sharpening the edges of the nozzles, it must be taken into account that when the drill mechanism rotates, they will have to cut into the ground clockwise. When drilling a well in the country, the tower must be located above the place of the future water source.
The height of the tower should be greater than the height of the drill rod. This will facilitate the extraction of the latter. On the two bayonets of the shovel, in the next step, you need to dig a recess for installing the drill. He will be the guide. The first turns of rotation can be performed by one person. Whereas, as the pipe deepens, it will be necessary to take help.
If the drill was not able to be removed the first time, it is turned counterclockwise and retried. If you decide to do the drilling of a well in the country with your own hands, you should be prepared for the fact that as the depth of the drill deepens, the pipe will rotate with great difficulty. You can cope with this work by softening the soil with water.
When advancing the drill every 0.5 m, the drill structure must be removed to the surface and freed from the soil. The drilling cycle should be repeated again and again. When the tool handle is at ground level, the structure must be extended using an additional elbow. It will take a significant part of the time to lift and clean the drill.
It is necessary to use the capabilities of the design, capturing and getting to the surface as much soil layer as possible. Until you reach the aquifer, drilling will need to continue. You can determine this in the process of equipping the well at the cottage with your own hands, paying attention to the condition of the soil being excavated.
When you approach the aquifer, the drill will plunge even further until it reaches the next layer, which is called waterproof. Dipping the tool to this level will guarantee maximum fluid flow into the well. Manual drilling should only be used to dive to the first aquifer. The depth can vary from 10 to 20 m.
For pumping dirty water when drilling a well for water in the country, you must use a hand pump or submersible type equipment. After three buckets of dirty fluid, the aquifer should be flushed. After that, pure water will appear. If this result was not achieved, the well will need to be deepened another 2 m. In addition, you can use the manual method, which is based on the use of a hydraulic pump or a traditional drill.
Shock Rope Drilling
The water well in the country can be obtained using shock-rope drilling technology. This method consists in breaking the rock with a glass. It is a rather heavy tool that is fed from a tower height. Such work will require a drilling rig and tools for this method, as well as equipment for extracting soil.
Outwardly, the tower resembles an ordinary tripod, which can be made of steel pipes or wooden logs. The design has dimensions that are proportional to the parameters of the downhole tool. The process is expressed in lowering a glass that breaks and grabs the soil.
The next step is to raise the drilling tool to the surface with the captured blade. To install the drilling type, you can use a metal pipe. Its end is complemented by a cutting device. It resembles a half turn of a screw. This element is in contact with the face.
There should be a hole in the steel pipe, which is located at an edge of 0.5 m. From there, the extracted soil will be removed, which will empty the drill glass. A cable is attached to its upper part, with the help of which the glass is lowered, and its contents are removed to the surface.
If you are thinking about how to drill a well in a country house, you should know that the well is freed from the ground as the structure deepens. This happens every 0.5 m.
Features of casing installation
A dug well provides for additional casing. It can be made of asbestos-cement pipe or segments of such pipes. In the latter case, special attention is paid to the diameter, which will ensure unimpeded immersion of the structure. Pipe links must be secured with brackets to prevent slipping. The staples then hide under the stainless steel stripes.
Discussion is required:
- to eliminate clogging of the well;
- prevent wall shedding;
- overlapping upper aquifers.
A filter pipe is lowered to the bottom of the well, the lower part of which will hold sand grains and provide water filtration. As soon as the pipe is at the right depth, it must be secured with clamps. If the issue is taken seriously, the upper part of the structure must be covered with a caisson; it is a head that excludes pollution of water sources.
If you managed to make a well in the country with your own hands, then you must remember that over time the pipe can be squeezed out of the soil. This process is natural and does not require additional deepening measures.
Features of auger drilling
The device wells for water in the country can be carried out by auger method. This technology is one of the most budgetary and easiest. Most methods are based on the use of small-sized drilling rigs. The technique is expressed in excavation using an Archimedean screw.
The process is often compared with drilling holes for fishing. This method allows you to achieve well drilling in the country at home in the water up to 10 m. Drilling mud or water is used to flush the structure. Not on all types of soil auger drilling can be applied. The method works in relatively soft and dry soils. However, if there are quicksand and hard rocks in the territory, then it is better to refuse such an approach. This is especially true for rocks, which can create certain obstacles.
Using the rotary method
The arrangement of a well in a country house may include the use of a rotor. The technology consists in the use of a drill pipe, into which a rotating shaft is immersed. It has a tip in the form of a chisel. The load on it is created by the hydraulic installation. This method of drilling is one of the most common. With it, you can achieve any depth of the well.
To wash away the rock, the same drilling fluid is used, which is supplied inside using a pump or by gravity. If you decide how to make a well in a country house, you should know that if water is pumped, then after that the solution, together with the rock, flows out by gravity through the annulus. This approach is a direct flush.
If the solution is supplied by gravity, then it penetrates into the annulus, and then is pumped out together with the rock from the drill pipe by a pump. This flushing is called reverse. With its help, you can achieve a large debit of the well, because you can open the desired aquifer more efficiently. This technology requires the involvement of appropriate equipment, which negatively affects the cost of work.
Abyssinian well drilling
The Abyssinian well is drilled after determining its location. It does not take up too much space and can be equipped even in the basement of the house. The only condition is the distance from compost pits and septic tanks, as well as other possible sources of soil contamination.
At the next stage, a pipe segment with a pointed tip is welded. The pipe should have a stainless steel wire mesh, which is soldered with tin or fastened with clamps. This element is hammered into the ground. Using a wooden lining, you can avoid bending the edges.
Methodology of work
Then the sleeve is screwed, and the next pipe segment is also connected. The pancake from the bar must be put on the protruding section and first raised to the top, and then lowered down to clog the pipe even further. Now you can wind new segments and deepen them into the soil. When the process begins to go easier, the probe can be lowered into the pipe to check for water. As soon as moisture appears, the pipe can be clogged another meter.
It is necessary to wind the pump on the upper end of the pipe, and then start pumping water until it becomes transparent. To determine suitability, water samples must be taken. The exit site should be concreted by installing pumping equipment and connecting the well to the water supply.
Finally
Autonomous water supply is a must. This applies not only to apartments and houses within the city, but also to suburban areas, where residents of megacities are increasingly resting. A well can be an excellent example of a water source; you can do it yourself.
If the well is supposed to be shallow, then you can get by with two people. Otherwise, you will have to use the appropriate technique. If this is not possible, then you can make some devices yourself, for example, a tripod and a drill.