The main categories of pedagogy are ... The concept of pedagogy

In this article we will reveal to you the concept of "pedagogy" and what it does. Even if you are not a teacher, you will become a parent in the future, and it will be useful for you to find out that the main categories of pedagogy are very important factors that you need to work on. Moreover, you need to not only know what categories they are, but also understand what they are and what they are expressed in. Here for such an introduction we have prepared this material.

What is pedagogy?

Before studying the main categories and concepts of higher education pedagogy, and it is this industry that interests us today, we will understand what “pedagogy” is. This science, as a separate structure, arose relatively long ago. We understand that while a person lives and develops, the experience of all those close to him is transferred to him. With each generation, such an experience was updated, and new achievements accumulated. In the end, all the knowledge about how to properly educate and educate a person and personality has been singled out as a separate science, which we know by the name “pedagogy”. It is worth noting that it summarizes a lot of sciences of a natural and social nature, and is a collection for everything that studies the process of personality formation.

History of occurrence

The very word "pedagogy" came from the ancient Greek word "child" - paidos and the word "lead" - ago. The name itself hints at the fact that science is studying the ways of forming a person’s personality, starting from childhood. Since ancient times, teachers have been doing what we now call pedagogy. In those hours, only respected people could engage in such a craft, mainly monks and priests, and in some countries government officials. In Russia, such a person was called a "master", and there were no separate institutions where specialists of this profile were trained.

Later, when a separate science was singled out, and its figures began to be purposefully prepared, they began to closely disassemble the discipline into parts. Highlighted the main categories of pedagogy of higher education. We will consider each of these categories in detail, so that the reader understands how they differ and how they interact.

The main categories and concepts of pedagogy

So, among them there are three most important:

1. Parenting.
2. Education.
3. Training.

Each understanding person, having read these three concepts, will immediately realize that they are closely related. If we talk about education in general, then this is a thoughtful and planned process of becoming an individual, giving it a form. It passes under the influence of many environmental factors and can be different.

As for education, over time it is it that becomes an integral part of the process of educating a person. We know that this is a voluminous, but short-term period, when a person absorbs the necessary knowledge, acquires skills and masters skills, and also develops his special abilities. But how does a person get an education? Of course through training. And here we see another connection. Learning is considered as work in a pair of teacher and student, when the first instills some knowledge, and the second assimilates them. Now let's talk more about each of the categories.

Parenting

We have already named the main categories of pedagogy, their relationship and how one comes from the other and is part of the third. If we talk separately about education, then there is also bilateral work. On the one hand, the “educator” must:

• to convey all the experience that has been accumulated by the human race;
• introduce the ward into the cultural world;
• in every possible way to encourage him to curiosity, self-education;
• help solve difficult life issues, find ways to solve difficult problems.

But not only the “educator” acts in this process. In response, the ward should work for him. Is he:

• gradually absorbs everything that is presented to him, draws conclusions from the experience of previous generations, masters all the necessary basic cultural skills;
• engaged in self-development;
• learns to communicate with people and behave in different situations and in different environments.

And only with full interaction is a positive result possible.

Consider several spectra of education:

• wide - here the state and the educational institution influence the pupil;
• narrow - work is carried out on the basis of the institution’s staff (kindergarten, school, circle, etc.);
• extremely narrow - the pupil and the teacher interact directly.

There are a number of different types of education, depending on what the process is specifically aimed at, the development of what values, abilities and emphasis. So, they distinguish mental, labor, physical, moral, aesthetic education, etc.

Education

Having examined the main categories of pedagogy and the relationship between them, we understand that education cannot exist in isolation from education or training. It's impossible. Therefore, this category is understood as:

• system criterion;
• the result of the educational process;
• the totality of education and training with the addition of self-education;
• mastering by man of the knowledge that he needs in life.

For this purpose, there are many different institutions in the world. They are divided by age categories, geographical criteria, and here we can include:

• Kindergarten;
• school (gymnasium, lyceum, boarding school);
• college;
• technical College;
• institute;
• University
• Academy
• home of creativity (everything related to leisure activities).

All these institutions succeed each other on the life path of the individual and intercept the baton. The main thing in this process is that all of them act on one result - the formation of a fully developed figure, a worthy representative of his generation.

Training

Describing the main categories of higher education pedagogy and their characteristics, we cannot ignore education, since it is in this way that a person receives education. Since training is an interaction between two parties, then we will consider both sides. So, on the one hand there is a teacher who should:

• transmit knowledge to the student;
• share life experience with him;
• to develop the desire for self-improvement;
• adjust the process of acquiring knowledge;
• does everything that is necessary to create an enabling environment for learning.

On the other hand, a student, without whose response no good result will be obtained. Therefore, we emphasize that the student must:

• to learn all that the teacher reports to him;
• carefully follow all its instructions and recommendations;
• complete all the tasks that are needed to master the subject of study;
• strive for self-education;
• initiate a search for additional information in the sources;
• try to analyze, think and draw conclusions.

With this interaction, we will get the perfect learning outcome, and as confirmation - a diploma of education (secondary, technical, higher).

Science functions

We figured out that the main categories of pedagogy are upbringing, education and training. But pedagogy is multifaceted and has many functions, which are worth mentioning separately.

1. The study of various phenomena in pedagogy, the consideration of laws, laws. This means that the presence of assimilation of the experience of the older generation, the compliance of acquired knowledge with the requirements of society and the state, etc., is monitored.
2. Also, the function of pedagogy includes the obligation to justify all the principles, methods and forms of educational and training processes.
3. An important is the need to study advanced pedagogical experience, and it is necessary to create a new theory on its basis.
4. A useful feature is the research factor. Here the role is played by the ability not only to come up with a certain scheme, but also to introduce it into real activity, applying it in practice.
5. Work on new techniques. It is about how the student interacts with the teacher, what forms of communication they use and so on.

Pedagogy task

Now, knowing for sure that the main categories of pedagogy are upbringing, education and training, we can formulate the main task of pedagogy. It sounds almost the same in all countries: Organize the educational process, taking into account the characteristics of the historical period and nationality of a person. If we talk about more specific tasks in our time, here we can distinguish several main ones:

• improve the structure of education and its content;
• to develop new approaches to learning;
• to modernize the forms and methods of education ;
• make the process of learning at school more democratic and humane;
• optimize the preparation of the individual for professional activities.

Preschool Pedagogy

I would like to say a few words about preschool pedagogy. After all, our children begin the learning process in kindergarten. So, the main categories of preschool pedagogy are:

• education;
• development;
• formation;
• training.

We see a slight difference from what we are used to reading about high school, and it is understandable. At the initial stage of personality formation, the tasks are different and you still need to grow to the main stages, although upbringing and training are even present there. As for development, this means the changes that occur with a person over the years under the supervision of an educator. Formation implies the full development of the child in the process of education, taking into account the social environment. It must be remembered that already at a young age the formation of personality begins, and this moment cannot be missed, and this period of a person's life should not be underestimated.

Pedagogical branches

Now, having read all the information, you know for sure that the main categories of pedagogy are the three main factors, which we examined in detail. But apart from the categories in this science, industries are distinguished, depending on what this field is specifically doing. The essence of each industry is understandable based on its name. We will not analyze each, but for familiarization we list the most basic ones:

• "History of pedagogy."
• "Comparative pedagogy."
• "Preschool pedagogy."
• "Age pedagogy."
• "Special pedagogy" (for children with physical and mental disabilities).
• "Professional pedagogy."
• "Corrective labor pedagogy."
• "Medical pedagogy."

And this is far from all areas that are part of this science, the benefits of which cannot be underestimated.