If tests and examinations confirm diabetes, you will have to be very responsible for the nutrition program. The patient's task is to exclude from the diet all hazardous foods and to the maximum ensure the intake of healthy foods. Food recommended for diabetics contains a minimum of carbohydrates, quite a few saturated fats. Let us analyze the features of the menu in more detail.
general information
For others, the need to switch to a low-carb diet for type 2 diabetics seems literally like death. People are accustomed to thinking that all useful things necessarily have a bad taste, and if a product is like it, it will surely turn out to be harmful. Everything is not so hopeless. There are different options, menus, recipes, useful for diabetics, and some of them suggest the use of very tasty food. The key aspect is regularity. The task of a person is not just to get used to consume healthy foods, but to do this often in small portions. If you define a very strict diet for yourself in advance, it is unlikely that you can stick to it for a long time, so moderation, which allows you to get used to the updated system and practice it for many years, becomes another important rule in the formation of the diet.
The main weakness of most timely menus and diets for type 2 diabetics is the abundance of carbohydrates of various types and forms in the diet. All such substances are divided into easily absorbed by the body and those whose processing takes quite a lot of time. But with diabetes, both of these types should go with foods minimally. Varieties that are traditionally digested easily are considered the most dangerous harmful ones, but the risks of the latter, albeit slowed down, are also great. In order to most effectively control the concentration of sugars in the blood, you should completely remove all bread products, any cereals from the diet. Even the usual buckwheat should remain in the past, as some nutritionists say.
Ideas and rules
When compiling a low-carb diet for type 2 diabetics, the diet is selected so that both after a meal and on an empty stomach, the level of sugars in the circulatory system is as stable as possible, while maintaining within normal limits. At the same time, the diet is formed so that the insulin level is normal, and a stable weight is also maintained. With excess kilograms, menus are designed in such a way that a person can lose weight. An equally important task, achieved by proper nutrition - is the normalization of blood pressure in the arteries. If complications have appeared against the background of diabetes, there are serious diseases, it is necessary to draw up a menu, including food, useful for such pathologies - this will help to stabilize the patient's condition and somewhat improve the human condition.
In order to successfully achieve all the stated goals, it is necessary to work out a diet menu for type 2 diabetics, normalizing the amount of protein, fluid, and fiber supplied with food. If possible, reduce the consumption of food, characterized by an average, high glycemic index. The emphasis is on products that are characterized by a low rate. Exclude nutrition enriched with oils, transgenic type fats, foods high in omega-6.
About carbohydrates
Products that are characterized by an increased glycemic index provokes an increase in the concentration of glucose in the circulatory system, activates the pancreas, forcing it to function to the limit. Consumption of excess carbohydrates leads to the appearance of insulin peaks. Of course, if you eat very few carbohydrate-rich sweets very rarely, your health condition will not change much, but regular daily consumption of wheat bread, sweets and chocolate first leads to the diabetes-leading stage, then it provokes the disease itself, and without proper nutrition control, deterioration is observed condition. In this case, the optimal daily amount of carbohydrates entering the body for different people is slightly different. The task of a person is to control blood quality and check weight. If weight loss is not observed, increased sugar is constantly fixed in the circulatory system, therefore, the diet needs to be reviewed, eliminating the available carbohydrates from it.
You can: different products
When compiling a diet, type 2 diabetic for a week, you must include in the diet up to 150 g of dairy products. You can completely refuse milk. You can eat a variety of vegetables, root crops. The exception is sweet potato, beetroot. Root crops are recommended to be consumed raw. Cottage cheese and sour cream are introduced into the diet. Every day you can eat about 100 g of berries, the same amount of apricots or apples. Diabetics are allowed in a very small amount (not more than 0.1 kg daily) of pears, plums. You can eat avocados - this fruit is useful for human health with a wide range of diseases. Seeds and nuts are eaten daily in an amount up to 30 g. Peanuts are not included in this norm. Patients benefit from salad, greens. You can eat bitter chocolate, which consists of cocoa at 75% or more. The daily norm is up to 30 g. You can eat products made from walnut flour (sesame, almond, hazelnut, cedar). Flour obtained from flaxseed is used in the formation of the diet to a limited extent, regularly checking the glucose content in the circulatory system in order to determine its limit.
When compiling a diet for every day, type 2 diabetes should take into account the benefits and harms of various fats. So, for cooking it is allowed to use oils (coconut, olives, cream). In a very limited amount, fat is occasionally added to the diet. Eggs can be eaten in an amount of not more than three daily. Useful poultry, diet animals, as well as fish. You can consume offal, but carefully. Some nutritionists believe that sour cream, cottage cheese should include a natural level of fat content in the diet. Other doctors are convinced that the maximum is 1% fat.
Proteins in the human diet
In recent years, according to nutritionists, people consume less protein food. To some extent this is due to the abundance of fast food. Much more widespread diet, rich in fats, carbohydrates. Many simply do not understand why it is so important to eat enough protein. Protein is a key building organic material used at the cellular level to form walls. Hormonal compounds, biologically active molecules present in the human body, are mainly formed by proteins. Without protein, there is no human. This nutrient is needed by everyone and always, since the body constantly undergoes renewal reactions, new cells grow. For a person to be healthy, he must receive a sufficient amount of protein with food. If an individual practices a low-activity lifestyle, he must receive 1-1.5 g of protein per kilogram of weight per day.
When forming a carbohydrate-free diet for type 2 diabetics, they emphasize protein-rich foods. This includes meat, seafood, fish, seeds, nuts. The diet should include flour from nuts, eggs and cottage cheese.
Rules and examples
A low-calorie diet for type 2 diabetics involves eating when a person is hungry. If drugs are prescribed that stimulate the activity of parts of the digestive system, you should coordinate the meal regimen with the doctor who prescribed the medicine. In general, a person should drink at least one and a half liters of pure water daily - tea, soup are not taken into account in this calculation. Consider several options for daily nutrition.
Day after day
You can start the morning with an omelet made from two large eggs. Strong coffee and some fresh cucumbers with herbs (100 g + 20 g) are served for breakfast. You can eat a slice of dark chocolate - not more than 10 g, as well as a slice of apple - 50 g.
By lunch, 100 g of salad, a glass of water or tea, a slice of cheese (50 g) are served. You can add a little butter - not more than 20 g.
For lunch, stew the turkey in sour cream. This recipe fits into a low-carb diet for type 2 diabetics. 150 g of poultry meat is divided into small pieces and stewed. You can add a little salt, add a little spices and a spoonful of oil. Extinguishing time - a quarter of an hour. Then cut into pieces carrots, onions. Each ingredient is 10 g. Vegetables are introduced into the main dish, 50 g of sour cream are added and stewed in a closed container until the meat is completely cooked. It takes about 40 minutes. Fried zucchini is served as an additional meal for the turkey. Serving - 100 g. You can supplement your lunch with a salad of fresh tomatoes, cucumbers and dill greens. The ingredients are mixed in the proportions: 50 g, 50 g, 20 g. As a dessert - 10 g of dark chocolate.
For a snack, a glass of water and 50 g of apple, 20 g of feathers of green onions are served. Fans are allowed to supplement the diet with a small piece of fat - no more than 20 g.
For dinner, recommended 150 g of good sea fish, 100 g of boiled beans, 50 g of peas. Tea is sweetened with stevia. You can supplement your dinner with special carbohydrate-free chocolate. For a second dinner, a serving of protein isolate is recommended.
The total described diet gives about 46.5 g of carbohydrates per day.
Daily ration: an example of the second
Studying the recommendations for a diet for type 2 diabetics by day, you can find the daily diet option, starting with breakfast, cottage cheese and a piece of chocolate. The sweetness should be no longer than 10 g slice. A little cinnamon, 50 g sour cream, a few apple slices (50 g) are added to the curd (0.1 kg). If necessary, make stevia a little sweeter. Coffee is brewed, diluted with drinking cream. For breakfast, you can not eat more than 100 ml of cream.
A salad is prepared for lunch. This recipe, recommended as part of a low-carb diet for type 2 diabetics, is as simple as it gets, it will succumb even to a person who knows how to cook just a little. Tomatoes, cucumbers, sour cream are mixed in equal volumes - 50 g each. Salad, dill is taken 20 g each.
For lunch, grilled chicken is served, 0.1 kg of asparagus and the same amount of lettuce are served. As a dessert, a slice of dark chocolate (10 g) or panna cotta cooked according to the classic recipe are suitable. You can serve 50 g of apples.
For an afternoon snack, shrimps cooked well in shell. They are boiled and cleaned. The dish does not contain carbohydrates at all.
You can bake mackerel for dinner. Serving - 0.15 kg. It is served stewed zucchini in the same volume, three times less than bell pepper. For the second dinner, you should cook a couple of egg whites - they do not have carbohydrates at all.
The summarized diet will provide 50.5 g of carbohydrates per day to the body.
Third option
As part of a diet of type 2 diabetic with obesity, you can try to eat during the day according to the following scheme. In the morning they make scrambled eggs, a sandwich. Serve coffee or tea and a slice of dark chocolate (10 g).
For lunch, it is recommended that 0.1 kg of your favorite berries and a mixture of cottage cheese with cucumber and dill greens. For 0.1 g of dairy product take half as much vegetables and ten times less greens.
Cutlets or meatballs without flour are prepared for dinner. For cooking, use 0.15-0.2 kg of meat. They are served stewed cabbage. One egg is added to 150 g of the product during cooking. You can supplement the diet with salad. To do this, combine in equal volumes (50 g each) tomatoes, cucumbers, sour cream, add dill and salad leaves in an amount of 20 g.
A good option for an afternoon snack is a piece of cheese and an apple. Each - no more than 50 g.
Dorado is served for dinner. You can grill trout. Serving - up to 0.2 kg. Grilled vegetables are prepared: in equal volumes (0.1 kg each) of sweet pepper and zucchini, supplemented with fresh parsley, dill (50 g). By the second dinner, 0.1 kg of squid is cooked.
In total, such a diet gives a little more than 43 g of carbohydrates per day.
Fruits and vegetables: features
When compiling a diet for weight loss, type 2 diabetics must take into account the features of fruit and vegetable products. It is customary to divide all meals of this type into three categories. The first group includes those with 100 g of which no more than 5 g of carbohydrates. These are the previously mentioned tomatoes, cucumbers and cabbage. This includes zucchini, salad. You can safely eat spinach, sorrel. Few carbohydrates are found in eggplant and radish. The first class includes rhubarb, lemons, apples and sour plums. Among the carbohydrates and varieties that are safe in terms of carbohydrate content are pumpkin, cranberry and various mushrooms (they are almost entirely made up of proteins). Few carbohydrates in sea buckthorn. The listed food can be eaten daily in an amount of 0.6-0.8 kg.
The second class of vegetables, fruits, berries contains 5-10 g of carbohydrates per 100 g of the total mass of the product. When compiling a type 2 diet for a diabetic for every day, it should be borne in mind that this group includes sweet varieties of plums, apples, as well as blueberries and strawberries, raspberry and lingonberry, currant and pear fruits, cherry plum and peaches. Watermelons, apricots belong to the same category. The second class includes grapefruits, legumes, bell peppers, tangerines, celery. This category includes rutabaga, onions, as well as many root crops that are beloved by many - carrots, beets. Per day, such products are eaten in an amount of not more than 0.2 kg.
Maximum restrictions
In the framework of diet 9 for type 2 diabetics and any other therapeutic nutrition for people with such a pathology, it is recommended that special attention be paid to the third category of products. Food included here should be used as rarely as possible and only in small portions. The exception is potatoes, which can be eaten up to 0.3 kg per day, taking into account the total amount of carbohydrates received with the diet. But other products are practically banned. These include: dried fruits from grapes, apricots, plums. Fresh grape berries, cherries and persimmons are dangerous. If possible, refuse dates, cherries. Pomegranate fruits, pineapples, figs are harmful for diabetics. Bananas and sweet potatoes should be removed from the diet. Serious restrictions apply to green peas.
Features of a healthy diet
In order for the type 2 diabetic diet to allow you to take control of sugar, to get rid of excess weight, while not harming your health, you need to control the content of fiber and dietary fiber in food. If possible, enrich the diet with special nutritional supplements. On the shelves they are presented under the name "Fiber". There are many different varieties and species made from various plant materials. It is believed that dietary fiber lowers the concentration of sugars in the body and simplifies the control of this parameter. Among foods enriched with fiber, vegetables and fruits attract special attention. Quite a lot of fibers useful for the intestinal tract are found in different varieties of cereals.
It is important to make food diverse. With food, a person should receive vitamins, minerals. With a shortage of them, diabetes can be exacerbated by concomitant health problems. It is advisable to eat four to six times a day, each serving should be small. If a person injects insulin, he must count the bread units of the diet, every day receive approximately the same amount of carbohydrates with food.
For examples: about the diet
When compiling a diet, a type 2 diabetic should take a closer look at the recommendations of the diet, starting with a serving of buckwheat in the morning. For dinner, they prepare onion soup and serve it with stewed beef. The main dish is stewed vegetables. For lunch, stew apples, served with natural cottage cheese. For dinner, cook sea fish with vegetables. If a person is used to eating soup with croutons, it is recommended to use cereal or bran varieties.
The main idea of the recommended for diabetics 2 types of diets, recipes is minimal restrictions. It is advisable to make a diet so that a person does not feel at all that he is eating according to some kind of dietary program. Only in this way will he be comfortable, pleased to monitor his diet. It is advisable to diversify the food so that nothing bothers. You can cook exotic dishes, but carefully evaluating the recipe for dangerous products. When cooking dishes, it is better to use beans, asparagus as a vegetable pillow.
Daily ration: examples
As part of a type 2 diabetic diet, morning begins with pearl barley. For lunch, they make osso buko or stew meat and vegetables. Apple-cabbage salad is served for afternoon tea, and fish and vegetables are cooked in the evening.
You can try to start the day with millet boiled with pumpkin. For dinner, make a soup of tomatoes and cook their own chicken sausages. Vegetables are served as a side dish.A little natural cottage cheese and fresh fruits and berries are served by afternoon tea, and squid rings with vegetables are stewed for dinner. They are served to the table in combination with chopped fresh vegetables and herbs.
The described type 2 diabetic diet is enriched with vitamins. Tomatoes, cabbage contain ascorbic acid. Plant foods are a source of category B vitamins, tocopherol and retinol. Processing at high temperature leads to the generation of lycopene, an antioxidant with a pronounced effect. This substance strengthens the heart, improves the quality of the vascular system, and prevents malignant degeneration of cells.