In Russia, financial law is a separate, independent industry. This approach is associated with the presence of a special subject and method of regulation, special categories and sources. The subject of financial law includes relations that are formed as a result of the relevant activities of the state. It includes the formation, distribution and use of cash.
The main section of this industry is budget law. This discipline includes special rules. With their help, the budget law of the Russian Federation establishes the structure of the corresponding system in the state. A list of expenses and revenues, the procedure for their distribution among different types of budgets. Discipline determines the budgetary rights of the state as a whole, as well as its subjects, units of an administrative-territorial nature, provides the regulation of the process, and also establishes the procedure for the formation and use of extrabudgetary funds for financial support of the social, economic development of the state and other public needs.
The subjects within this industry include the state as a whole, municipal and state formations, territories, regions, autonomous okrugs and regions, cities, villages, towns, and others.
Budget law is designed to regulate relations between these entities, as well as executive and representative authorities, arising on the basis of the formation, distribution and use of funds of administrative-territorial and state units of general importance.
The norms of this discipline are divided into procedural and material.
Budget law in material norms establishes the structure of the corresponding system in the state, the list of expenses and income, their distribution, etc. Procedural provisions regulate the procedure for consideration, compilation, approval and implementation of the revenue and expenditure scheme of both state and local significance, as well as the procedure for the formation and approval of reports on the implementation of articles.
Public relations, which are regulated by these norms, acquire a special status. Budget law gives them all the relevant features. Along with this, these relations have certain features. They are peculiar only to the sphere of finance. The legislation enshrines the list of relevant legal relations. These include the following:
1. Formed between entities and extrabudgetary funds for the implementation of municipal and state borrowing, regulation of municipal and state debt in the formation of income and the implementation of expenses under items at all levels of the system.
2. Arising in the preparation and consideration of draft income and expense items at all levels, approval and implementation, as well as control over the execution of articles.
3. Formed in determining the legal status of the parties to the process, the regulatory framework of the procedure and conditions for bringing to responsibility for violations of relevant articles of the law.
Inter-budgetary relations are those relations that arise between state bodies of a country, entities and administrative-territorial units. Certain principles are used as the basis for the emergence of interactions at appropriate levels. In particular, intergovernmental relations are based on the principle of consolidation and distribution of expenses in accordance with certain articles of the budget system. At the same time, delimitation is carried out on an ongoing basis, as well as distribution in accordance with the provisional standards of regulatory income.