In the modern world, absolutely in every house there is electricity. There is simply no way without it! Times of torches, kerosene and other things have sunk into oblivion. Of course, electricity in the house is an integral part of modern comfortable life. Today we consider all the issues that relate to the wiring of an electrician in an apartment.
This is an important point, which is rather complicated and requires certain knowledge and skills. Someone can fully understand the installation of wiring in their apartment on their own, someone is able to perform only part of such work. And someone is far from all this, and in this case it will be correct to seek the help of qualified specialists. There is nothing wrong with that. We will begin to understand the issue gradually.
Electricians Apartment Project
This is the most correct option. If you choose a ready-made project, electricians of the apartment, then many problems are removed by themselves. Indeed, in this case, in your finished version everything will be painted and calculated by qualified specialists. Thus, all difficulties and errors are completely eliminated. The only drawback of this option is that you need to pay for such a project.
Typically, the price depends on the area of your home. The dependence is directly proportional (a large apartment is a high price, a compact apartment is a cheap project). For some people, this option is the only possible and right one, but for others it is not suitable, and they are looking for an alternative for themselves that will help save money. We will talk about this in more detail below, but now is the time to talk about installing wiring with your own hands.
DIY wiring
This is an option for those who want to save money. It is crucial that you must be able to work with electricity. If you are not confident in your own strengths, then it is better not to take risks and turn to specialists, for example, by calling an electrician at home. The fact is that if you do not have experience in such works, then this can not only cause installation difficulties and some mistakes, but it is also dangerous for your life. Electricity is no joke!
Payment
How much is the electrical wiring in the apartment? This is a question that worries many. There is no clear answer to it, because for a particular house or apartment the calculation is done individually. You can only say for sure that a copper wire will be more expensive than an aluminum analogue, but it is preferable to use it (a copper wire). Experts have been choosing copper for decades.
You also need to say about the cross section of the wire. The thicker the wires lived, the more expensive the meter will cost. Also, the number of cores in the wire has its effect on pricing. For example, a three-wire wire is more expensive than a two-wire analog. Highly qualified specialists always choose three-wire wires to organize the ground loop. Also, the price of the wire may vary slightly depending on its elasticity, type of protective sheath and some other minor characteristics.
Calculation of electrical wiring in the apartment is always done with a margin. If you accurately measured the entire path of the wiring, then this is not the final meter. You should always take with a margin, because during the installation process there will be waste. The most frequent occurrence of wiring waste is the connection of wires in the installation boxes, as well as when connecting various switches and sockets. You can’t do without it, it’s a given, you can’t fight it and you can’t avoid it, you just have to accept it.
Analyzing all of the above, it is impossible to accurately answer the question of how much the electrical wiring in the apartment costs, but we can say for sure that high-quality electrical wiring in the apartment will require a considerable amount. But this has been done for years, and this is not an article to save! Do not be afraid, because, for example, an electrician in a one-room apartment will not cost you the price of the apartment itself and not even ten percent of the cost of this housing, everything is much cheaper.
Calculation of the cross section of an electric wire by power
To carry out the correct calculation of the electric cable, the following formula is used: I = P / U. P is the total input power of all the equipment that will be powered by the cable. U is the voltage symbol. Practice shows that the current strength for a typical apartment does not usually exceed 25 amperes. Based on the above data, you can choose the option for organizing wiring in the house. For example, a copper cable with a cross section of 1.5 millimeters is designed for a current of about 19 amperes and a power of about 4 kilowatts. A similar cable with a cross section of 2.5 mm can withstand up to 6 kilowatts of load at a current of up to 27 amperes. These two sectional options are most often used in wiring in an apartment.
If such calculations cause you at least a drop of difficulty, then you should seek the help of specialists. Errors in these calculations can be fatal. You should not take risks if you do not understand these issues.
The main types of cables
Today there are many options for electric cables. Consider the most popular:
- The electric wire VVG-3 * 2.5 is an option with three copper conductors, the cross section of such a cable is 0.25 square centimeters. Such a cable is used in most wiring in a typical apartment. This cable also connects the electrical panel to the junction boxes.
- The electric wire VVG-3 * 1.5 is an option with three copper conductors, the cross section of such a cable is 0.15 square centimeters. Such a cable is used to connect between junction boxes in the apartment with various lighting devices and sockets (with a small load on the sockets).
- The electric wire VVG-3 * 4 is an option with three copper conductors, the cross section of such a cable is 0.4 square centimeters. Such a cable is necessary to connect an electric stove in the apartment.
These are the most popular options for electric cables. In fact, there are a lot of options for cable products in the building materials market today.
It is also worth mentioning the types of VVG cables. The classic VVG cable has the usual PVC insulation, such a cable does not have any self-extinguishing and flame retardant properties. The VVGng cable in its insulation layer has special halogen chemical elements, they impede the ignition process. The VVGNG-ls cable is also protected from fire, has protection against fire, but in addition such a cable has special additives in insulation that do not emit gas and smoke in case of fire.
Installation Tools
If gating is provided, then you will need a tool for such work (hammer cutter and puncher or punch and grinder). You will also need a tool to strip the wire (strippers, knives, pullers, pliers). In addition, nippers are always needed. You also need a stepladder and a flashlight. This is not a complete list of the necessary tool, sometimes a larger set is required, but those listed above are always necessary.
Installation work
If you chose the option of installing electricians in the apartment with your own hands, then you already know the basics. So, it makes sense to talk about the nuances of editing, as well as difficult moments where errors occur most often, according to statistics. We will say right away that the electrical wiring in the apartment must comply with all applicable standards. It is worth buying wires, sockets and switches only in proven places from serious manufacturers. Poor wiring or a power outlet can cause serious problems, up to a fire in your home. Installation requires quality tools.
Laying lines
It is possible to lay electrical wiring lines in an apartment in various ways. An electrician on the ceiling in an apartment may be hidden if, for example, suspended ceilings are in your home. Some opt for an outdoor ceiling mount method. If we talk about the option with laying electricians in the apartment on the floor, then here you can resort to the option with special skirting boards with a cavity for wiring. It is very simple and aesthetically attractive.
As for the walls, you can choose either the open version, or the gating of the walls for electrical wiring. It is worth saying that the method of flush mounting wiring always looks more attractive than open, but it requires high costs. Most often, an electrician in a new apartment is organized precisely in a hidden way. In this case, for a place where there is a large repair, the accumulation of dust and dirt will not be so critical.
If we are talking about replacing the wiring in the apartment with a repair, then it is worthwhile to understand that gating will bring a lot of dust and dirt to your apartment, sometimes this is unacceptable. Everyone chooses for himself, based on his situation.
Hidden wiring
Strobing is energy-consuming, dusty and noisy. But the result is worth it. The absence of visible wiring is an aesthetically beneficial option. Strobing can be done with a hand tool, but it is very difficult and long. A hammer and a chisel is a very long story. You can grind with a grinder and a puncher. It is also a long and difficult option, but much faster and easier than the option with a hand tool. The best option is to work with a chamfer. This is a specialized tool, it is more convenient and faster to work with it.
Shtroborez is a professional specialized electric tool, as its name implies. It is widely used for shredding walls for electrical wiring. This is a kind of modified model of the grinder. Two diamond discs are installed in the tool, they allow you to get accurate cutting lines. It is possible to adjust the distance and width of the strobe. The discs are covered with a special protective cover.
The shtroborez has a branch with a hose from the construction vacuum cleaner. That is, it is possible to work without dust. After creating slices along the entire length of the strobe, excess material (concrete, brick or something else) is removed with a puncher. Domestic wall chaser will cost about five thousand rubles or more. An imported analogue will cost several times more.
Open wiring
This is an easy and quick installation option. The advantage of this method is that the wiring is always in sight, in which case you can visually see its defect. The disadvantage of this method is that the open installation option is not too visually attractive. An exception is the open version of the installation of wiring, stylized antique (the so-called vintage wiring). Open wiring can be attached to the wall on the finish of the walls using special clips (brackets), as well as using special brackets from a stapler of the appropriate shape. In addition, you can use dowel clips or wall plugs, as well as PVC cable ducts.
Wire connection
There are several options for connecting wires in junction boxes:
- Connection via terminals (suitable for light loads).
- Connection using special wraparound “caps” for twisting the wire.
- Connection of twisted wires with additional tinning using a soldering iron and additional insulation with a special fabric tape.
The latter option is the most reliable and preferred. A twist joint should be made of at least five to seven turns.
Shield
A shield is a particularly difficult moment when wiring in an apartment. The wiring in the apartment in the shield converges on the machines. It is important to choose the right machines for various purposes. Consider an example of the correct choice of machines in the shield. In order to do everything right, you need to create certain groups. It might look something like this:
- Refrigerator and extractor hood in the kitchen (25 amp automatic machine).
- Washing machine (automatic machine with a capacity of 25 amperes).
- All lighting devices in the apartment (automatic machine with a capacity of 10 amperes).
- All sockets in the apartment (automatic machine with a capacity of 25 amperes).
- Dishwasher (automatic machine with a capacity of 25 amperes).
- Electric stove (automatic machine with a capacity of 32 amperes).
Sometimes the outlets in the apartment are divided into groups with separate machines, depending on their placement in the apartment. If the apartment has an electric water heater, then it also "sits down" on a separate machine. The option with separate automatic machines is good in that in case of some kind of breakdown only one of them will work, and the whole apartment will not be disconnected completely. The correct wiring of electricians in the apartment is safety and the absence of problems for many years.
Standards
There are some standards that you need to know when assembling:
- All switches should be located to the left of the door.
- In apartments, the sockets must be at a height of 40 centimeters from the floor, the exception is the kitchen, here the height of the sockets from the floor is from 95 centimeters to 1 meter 15 centimeters.
- All switches must be located 90 centimeters above the floor.
- Electric wires should be located strictly horizontally or vertically in the apartment.
- It is undesirable to allow the intersection of electrical wires during installation;
- Electric wires usually run 15 centimeters from the ceiling and 10 centimeters from the doors and windows in the apartment.
- Electric wires to the switch are connected from above, and to the outlet from below.
Specialist help
Let us return to the option of calling an electrician at home for installation work. In many cases, this is a solution to problems. A qualified electrician, called home, carries out installation as efficiently and quickly as possible. The absence of errors in installation and compliance with all requirements are the main advantages, because of which they resort to the help of a specialist.
Do-it-yourself wiring saves you money, but can lead to difficulties if you do not have work experience and specialized education. Most specialists calculate the cost of work before they begin. Moreover, this calculation is free of charge. You can call several masters for calculation and choose the most optimal option for you at a price. I must say that in the modern competitive world, the price of services will be approximately the same, choose based on the experience of the master, his skill level and so on.
Programs for creating electrical wiring projects in an apartment
You can order a wiring diagram from a specialist, or you can create such a circuit yourself using specialized programs. In any case, a circuit for installation work is needed. Consider the most popular programs for creating such schemes:
- Visio is a simple graphical editor, it is very common, suitable for creating wiring drawings. The program is simple, even a novice in matters of electrics can easily figure it out. The advantage of the program is free access and the presence of the Russian language. There is one drawback. It lies in the poor functionality.
- Compass is a professional tool in creating electrical wiring diagrams. The main advantage is free access, because professional programs are almost always paid. Another advantage is the presence of a Russian-language interface. The weaknesses of the Compass is the complexity of the program, a novice electrician will not be able to quickly understand all the nuances.
- Eagle is a powerful program, you can not only create wiring diagrams in it, but even create drawings of the printed circuit board. The drawing process is available both in manual mode and automatically. There are two versions of the program. One version is free, you will have to pay for the second version. I must say that the functionality of the free version is sufficient to create a wiring diagram for the apartment.
- The program "1-2-3". This software is a free graphic editor. With it, you can quickly and easily create a drawing of the electrical wiring of the apartment. A Russian-language interface is present, the editor is convenient, there is also a bonus from the developers. The program has a list of notation. If necessary, it can be printed on a printer and glued in its electrical panel to the corresponding elements of the wiring diagram.
- Autocad is the most famous program in which you can draw a wiring diagram. There are so many versions of this editor. The free version of the program is enough for wiring drawings in the apartment. The program has a Russian-language interface, and is also very simple and convenient.
- The Elf program is designed specifically for those who work with posting projects. Software is suitable for creating drawings of any complexity. , . , , .
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