Any disease requires careful attention to the body. In order for a person to have all the resources to fight the disease, he must receive enough useful substances. Their main source is food.
They will not replace medicines that are purposefully struggling with a specific problem, but they will give us all the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals. A properly designed diet helps maintain immunity, reduces the risk of complications. Consider what are the nutritional characteristics of sick people with various diseases.
Bed patients
In such patients, more often than in others, there are problems with appetite. This is due to a sedentary lifestyle, an oppressed state. It is painful for many patients to swallow. To improve a person’s condition and increase his will to live, you should feed him food that causes positive emotions. It should be attractive-looking, tasty and healthy dishes.
The balance of proteins and fiber is important. Protein nutrition stimulates cell recovery and activates the regeneration of pressure sores, as protein is the building material for muscles and skin. If the patient is fed with a probe, you can diversify the diet with foods rich in prebiotics, vitamins, dietary fiber, trace elements, proteins.
Drinking mode
High-calorie drinks are part of the nutrition for bedridden patients. Nectars and juices are also food. A person should drink at least one and a half liters of water per day. It helps to remove toxins from the body.
You can not drink highly carbonated drinks, as they are harmful to the digestive tract. The only exception is medicinal mineral water, which should be prescribed by a doctor. It is important to monitor the amount of fluid consumed, the lack of which provokes constipation, stones in the bladder, bedsores.
Features of the feeding process
Nutrition for bedridden patients is not only the dishes themselves, but also their presentation, as well as the situation when eating food. You need a friendly attitude, calm. You can not force a person to eat - this provokes nausea. It is important to monitor the patient's response. If his appetite is poor, his favorite foods should be added to the diet, which do not aggravate the course of his illness.
It is advisable to practice fractional nutrition. Feeding begins, helping a person to sit down. If his head is thrown back, the consumption of food and drinks is dangerous. The head, if necessary, support with hands or orthopedic devices. It is desirable that the patient himself use the devices, but you need to help if there is a need.
How to give drinks
Nutrition for patients who have lost mobility should be carried out using suitable devices. To give a person a drink, use a small or medium spoon, because he can not swallow a large portion of the liquid. If it is difficult for the patient to sit, use a two-handled drinking bowl or a baby drinker.
If neck mobility is limited, use devices with cutouts for the nose. Convenient cups with spouts. Two containers should be at hand: for cold and hot drinks. You can use a straw for cocktails. The patient needs frequent fluid intake in small portions. A weakened person should take a break between sips.
What to feed
The diet of a patient who is unable to move is formed from crushed food. It is desirable that she be semi-liquid. Very dry foods are difficult for the patient to swallow. The emphasis is on mashed soups, broths. You can give the person jelly, mashed potatoes. Use blenders for cooking. You can feed the patient baby puree. They are sold in stores. Large pieces of food are forbidden, it is necessary to grind all food.
With diabetes
The nutrition of people with diabetes has its own characteristics. With this disease, you need to constantly monitor the condition of the body. The right menu is an important step in ensuring the patient a long and quality life.
The optimal menu is the ninth dietary table. It is applicable for mild to moderate disease at normal weight or exceeding the norm is not significant. The key nuances are moderation, dividing the daily volume into six servings, limiting the intake of carbohydrates, fats. It is forbidden smoked, fried. Reduce the amount of salt, sugar. You can not drink carbonated drinks. For a day you need to consume 2100-2400 kilocalories. It is necessary to drink up to 2 liters of water daily.
Basic rules for a diabetic
Nutrition for diabetics requires a range of cooking skills. It is advisable to boil or bake food in the oven. Less often you can eat stews. Soups with fish or meat should be cooked on a lean broth.
It is necessary to exclude sugar and all sweet dishes, alcohol, semi-finished products of any type. You can’t eat rich broths. Fatty meat, canned and pickled foods, pastry are forbidden. The ban applies to cheeses, rice, semolina, pasta. You can not drink cream and eat sauces with salt, spicy spices, as well as fatty.
Bananas, grapes and other sweet fruits are excluded from the diet. Of dried fruits, raisins and dates are prohibited. A day is allowed to eat no more than one and a half eggs, boiled soft-boiled. You can cook an omelet. Yolks recommended to be excluded.
There are different types of bread on sale, but doctors recommend that you refrain from this product, because wheat flour is used to prepare it. The best option would be protein bread baked with bran. Rye (up to 250 g daily) and wheat (up to 150 g) are allowed.
Allowed Products
When organizing the nutrition of patients with diabetes, it is considered that such patients can eat vegetable soups. Cook them with mushrooms, meat, fish. Add cereals, meatballs, vegetables to soups.
It is allowed to eat veal, beef, lamb. A rabbit is a good choice. Pork is eaten only edged or meat (without fat). From poultry chicken, turkey meat are allowed. You can eat a special sausage. Occasionally, the liver is included in the diet. Low-fat fish are allowed. Milk and products made from it can be consumed if the fat level is minimal. Sour cream is allowed in very limited quantities. Cheese - low-fat and without salt.
Diet for diabetics involves the consumption of legumes in a limited amount. Buckwheat porridge, millet, barley and oatmeal are allowed. Vegetables are also limited due to their carbohydrate content. It’s good to eat beets.
It is necessary to choose vegetables, which contain no more than 5% carbohydrates. These include cabbage, pumpkin, eggplant, tomatoes. You can eat different varieties of salad, zucchini, cucumbers. Caviar from zucchini and vegetables, jellied fish are allowed. You can cook fresh salads. Vinaigrette allowed.
Fresh fruits, sour berries - a good solution. Very rarely allowed honey. Among the drinks, the diet for diabetics favors coffee, tea, rosehip broth and juices made from vegetables, berries and fruits with a low level of sweetness, diluted with milk.
Oncology
Nutrition for cancer patients is a very important aspect of treatment. Cancer is treatable nowadays, but therapy is difficult to tolerate. Therefore, it is very important to constantly help the patient, to support him.
All known methods of cancer therapy are very stressful for the body and lead to side effects. Neoplasms and their treatment affect metabolism, so a person needs an increased amount of protein. He needs more energy. In the patient's body, oxidative reactions are active, in which free radicals appear. This means that you need more substances that fight them and activate recovery.
Often, cancer patients are victims of nutritional deficiency, due to which the body destroys its own tissues. Immunity is significantly reduced. Deficiency occurs if the nutritional requirements are not covered by the incoming substances.
Dangers and nuances
Errors in the nutrition of an oncological patient should be suspected if in three months his body weight has decreased by 5% or more, a person has lost his appetite, he is vomiting and nauseous, digestive processes are poor. All this indicates nutritional deficiency and the need to urgently change the diet.
If in three months the weight has decreased by 10% or more, urgent nutritional support is needed, as the person has switched to a state of anorexia-cachexia. Particular attention should be paid to persons undergoing chemotherapy or radiation, as well as in preparation for the operation and in the process of recovery after it.
Features of the diet of cancer patients
Protein nutrition for patients with malignant neoplasms is extremely important. Their ability to absorb nutrients is reduced, because the gastrointestinal tract functions poorly. Their diet should have components that are quickly and easily absorbed, as well as nutrients.
The main goal of special nutrition is to give a person with a minimum amount of food as many nutrients as the body needs. Special nutrition for the cancer patient involves an increased concentration of amino acids and proteins. Many of them are not produced in our body. They are important for immunity and the implementation of vital reactions.
Some people believe that it is enough to consume more sweets, and then special nutrition will not be needed for a patient weakened by cancer. This is not true. Sweet drinks are rich in sugars, which provoke blood glucose saturation, and this can cause prediabetes. Proper nutrition helps to avoid this risk and increase the body's ability to recover.
It is even more dangerous for a cancer patient to starve. If the body does not receive proteins, irreversible anorexia-cachexia begins, due to which the performance completely disappears, physical activity decreases, weight decreases, the work of internal systems goes astray. To avoid these phenomena, starvation should be excluded.
Nutrients
In the presence of malignant tumors, the nutrition of patients should be carried out in such a way as to saturate the body with beta-carotene and all important antioxidants. Especially important are ascorbic acid and vitamins A, E. Selenium is indispensable. The diet should contain polyunsaturated fatty acids, under the influence of which inflammatory processes weaken. They also improve appetite.
Suffered a stroke
In this case, the key rule of making the diet is to provide the body with microelements and nutrients. The nutrition of a patient with a stroke in the acute phase involves a decrease in calories without losing the nutritional value of the menu. Food should give a person minerals, vitamins. They are rich in fruits, vegetables, juices.
The position of the body when eating is determined by the doctor. During the absorption of food, a nurse helps a person raise his head. They use special tables, be sure to cover the patient's chest with a disposable napkin. Sometimes stroke patients cannot swallow food. This forces the use of a probe or insertion of nutrition into a vein. The probe makes it possible to use any semi-liquid and liquid food.
You can give the patient vegetable soups, broths. If it is difficult for a person to swallow, but there is no need for a probe, the products are ground. It is advisable to feed it with cereals, mashed potatoes, jelly, soufflé.
The nuances of diet formation
The nutrition of stroke patients should take into account the tendency to constipation. This requires saturation of the menu with vegetables. Beets are especially useful. You can give the patient dairy products, dried fruits. With hypertension, potassium-enriched foods are helpful. It is found in raisins, figs and dried apricots. Equally important is magnesium, which the body receives from buckwheat and oatmeal.
The nutrition of patients after a stroke includes a number of strict rules. In the diet of these people reduce the amount of salt, sweets, fatty foods. They should not eat spicy, smoked, drink alcohol, strong coffee, tea. Useful carrots. It is advisable to eat two pieces daily. It is believed that this is necessary for healthy people, as it reduces the risk of stroke.
When forming the patient's diet, it is worth remembering that tea enriched with flavonoids is a useful product that lowers the content of harmful cholesterol fractions in the blood. It is advisable to drink at least four cups a day. Some scientists believe that people who adhere to this rule are 20% less likely to suffer from heart ailments.
No less useful are salmon and soy, dark chocolate and oat bran. For the health of the cardiovascular system should enrich the diet of cocoa, grape juice, broccoli. Garlic, natural juices of orange and grapefruit are useful for the heart. True, you need to be careful with the latter, since it activates antihypertensive drugs.
Conclusion
Proper nutrition of a sick person largely determines the duration of recovery and the severity of the course of the disease. When forming a diet, they are guided by the diagnosis and recommendations of the attending doctor. Sometimes you just need to introduce certain restrictions on the diet, completely abandoning harmful products. In some cases, it is better to completely switch to specialized nutrition. The decision should remain with the attending physician.