Education in Russia is regulated by the Federal Law "On Education", adopted in January 1996. According to this legal act, the education system includes various municipal, state and non-state institutions - pre-school, general education, institutions of additional education, professional, etc.
Currently, there are the following types of education in Russia: preschool, secondary, secondary vocational and higher vocational.
The structure of preschool education includes a large number of institutions that have great independence in the choice of curricula, the main areas of the educational process that perform many functions. These include: ordinary kindergartens, kindergartens intended for pupils with mental and physical developmental disabilities, child development centers, health centers, etc.
The main and most important part of the system is a general education or school. It includes secondary schools, lyceums, gymnasiums, schools with in-depth study of languages, evening schools, boarding schools, designed not only for learning, but also for students, special schools, schools for teaching children with mental retardation, music and art schools.
Secondary specialized educational institutions include, as a rule, various schools preparing graduates of working specialties (locksmiths, welders), and colleges (technical schools). Higher professional education is received by graduates of academies, universities and institutes. Moreover, it often happens that one educational institution is part of another. For example, an institute within a university.
Modern types of education went to our country as a legacy from the pre-existing Soviet Union. The very system of education and upbringing of children in special institutions of the tsarist and then imperial times was significantly different from ours. With the collapse of the USSR, Russian youth got the opportunity to study in almost any country in the world, while a few decades ago it was available only to units, children of especially privileged officials. Currently, theoretically, anyone can get a business education abroad, unfortunately, in practice, everything is much sadder. Education in European universities is not affordable for the average citizen of Russia.
The education system in the United States is significantly different from ours. It does not have one centralized structure, therefore, each state is vested with the right to regulate the educational process on its territory at its sole discretion.
So, the types of education in the USA:
Day nursery. This institution is not required to visit. It is designed for children 3-4 years old and involves teaching the child basic knowledge - correct speech, writing, counting, drawing.
Kindergarten. In the States, kindergartens, or as they are otherwise called - preparatory classes, are part of elementary school. Their visit is considered mandatory for all children 5-6 years of age.
Elementary School. At the end of this institution, the child receives elementary or primary education. The learning process lasts 5 years. Elementary American school has some features. So, during all 5 years, as a rule, one qualified teacher is engaged in teaching children. At the same time, the composition of classrooms is being reformed every year from the total number of students.
The secondary school, attended by children aged 11-14, involves the study of many new subjects, each of which is taught by a separate teacher. A mandatory component of a high school curriculum is sports training.
High school involves teaching teenagers 14-18 years old. Upon its completion, the graduate receives secondary education sufficient to start working.
Such types of education as professional, higher (undergraduate), postgraduate studies, doctoral studies can be considered as a separate stage of training. Obtaining them is necessary for people who want to connect their lives with jurisprudence, medicine, science.
At first glance, it may seem that in the US, types of education are the most diverse. Although in fact the only significant difference is the names of institutions. So, it is easy to draw a parallel between the Russian kindergarten and the American nursery, higher education in the United States (undergraduate) and incomplete higher Russian education.