Working conditions are based on an analysis of the work environment within which the activity is performed. There are 3 human conditions that affect the quality of work and health: normal, borderline, pathological. All categories of severity of the work performed have their own characteristics, since each is characterized by certain signs.
The aforementioned conditions of the body are manifested in physical and mental labor. Moreover, this applies to favorable and unfavorable areas. Under production conditions, one condition may prevail depending on factors. Therefore, they are used to determine the category of work severity.
Category Types
Based on the physiological work, categories of severity of the work performed were identified. By the number of them it turned out 6, and each is characterized by its own properties:
- the type of work carried out in a normal environment with a favorable physical, mental and neuro-emotional load: in this case, the employee’s health and performance are maintained;
- assumes compliance of environmental conditions with hygienic standards: in this case, the conditions are consistent with permissible production factors;
- in this type of work, the muscular, nervous and emotional state worsens due to not very favorable working conditions;
- this includes work performed under adverse conditions, which causes the onset of a pathological condition;
- a person performs such work, due to which pathological reactions appear under the influence of negative conditions;
- such reactions occur after the start of the working period, such as a shift.
All categories of work performed can be found in any activity. This is determined by the terms and conditions provided. The heavier they are, the higher the salary.
The concept of gravity and tension
The severity categories of the work performed are related to other concepts. Their relationship determines the level of activity. The severity of labor is called the involvement of muscles and physiological costs due to stress. And tension is the reaction of the nervous system to various modes of labor. With the help of these concepts the conditions of activity are formed.
The terms can be applied to mental and physical labor, as well as to different types of work. This also applies to hazardous working conditions.
How to prevent fatigue and overwork?
To prevent fatigue and improve performance, you need to use simple exercises and training. Whatever the severity categories of the work performed, GOST includes the need for simple events.
Training refers to the state of the body that appears due to the constant performance of work tasks, which is the reason for the improvement of working capacity. Therefore, its implementation allows you to normalize any type of work. Exercises are part of a workout that, through repetition, restores performance in various activities.
To avoid fatigue, a shorter work shift is used. Also, mechanization, automation, principles of the correct labor process are used for this. Such measures must always be used, whatever the category of severity of the work performed. Production characteristics involve the use of effective techniques necessary to protect workers from fatigue.
Health Change
Subject activity is divided into 3 phases:
- 1st is 30-60 minutes: a person gets used to work, but mistakes can be made, gradually the duration of this stage decreases;
- 2nd lasts for several hours: increased human performance;
- on the 3rd, fatigue sets in, which reduces productivity and the quality of labor, which requires a break to restore strength.
With the help of recreation, which is specified in the legislation, a person improves well-being. After that, he is ready to work again. Any category of severity of work performed, a driver, for example, or a person of another profession, requires periodic breaks.
Functions of the severity of labor during the passage of ITU
A specific category of severity of work performed for ITU is assigned under the supervision of specialists. In the presence of certain types of ailments, loads are prohibited, or they are only limited, otherwise it can be harmful to human health.
The severity category of the work performed for VTEK is approved on the basis of the actions and costs necessary for the work. Often the additional costs deplete the body. Many diseases cause physical suffering of a person, because of which pain syndrome develops.
Mode of work and rest
It is important for each employee to observe the regime of work and rest. This is necessary to maintain health and increased performance. For example, if employees take breaks during the day, the time of onset of fatigue will slow down.
Performing monotonous work is dangerous in that:
- that impaired immunity;
- irritability appears;
- pathologies of the heart and blood vessels occur.
The competent organization of the work and rest regimen reduces fatigue. A break is required when eating, to change activities. The regimen must be observed based on the performance of people. The main task of the schedule is to improve the results, as well as reduce the phases of fatigue.
Breaks for rest should be determined depending on the type of work. Employees need some time before lunch, as well as after. The duration of such a rest is 10-15 minutes. If people are busy with complex work, then breaks should be 5 minutes every hour.
For eating, 40-60 minutes are given. These rules are fixed in the work schedule. Its creation takes into account several features. All the time required for a break during heavy activity is 4-20%. For employees of mental work, rest should last about 10% of working time. These rules are spelled out in the legislation. It should be borne in mind that regulated rest is considered effective. Irregular breaks, as well as downtime, disrupt the rhythm of work.
Types of rest
Rest is passive and active. The first is necessary when working in hard work. This is especially true when a person is standing for a long period. Outdoor activities are offered to people with sedentary work. For this, gymnastics is used, which includes a set of exercises. With the help of outdoor activities, vitality is quickly restored, which is associated with a change in activity.
Each enterprise may have its own working time. The regime is shiftable, monthly, daily, weekly, annual. Compliance with the necessary standards allows the company to work efficiently, and employees to always be healthy.