Any person who begins to learn the basics of music, solfeggio or harmony, must necessarily have an idea of the signs of alteration, among which two can be distinguished: sharp and flat, used not only in the middle of a musical work, but also with a key. There is also a baker - a sign that cancels changes in the pitch of a note. Now we will consider the topic "Sharp: what is it." Many music critics believe that this sign is used in music most often.
Sharp: what is it
So, if we talk about what a sharp represents, for the simplest understanding we can say that this is an increase in the sound of a note by half a tone.
Sharp can be used in music in several ways (especially when you consider that there is also such a thing as a “double-sharp”, meaning a double increase in tone, that is, by one tone). The use of double sharps in music can be found quite rarely. Nevertheless, a little later we will stop on this.
Sharp as key signs and more
The sharp sign, as already mentioned, can be used both as a key sign and as an alteration sign in the middle of a work. The difference between these two options is that in the first case, the increase in the sound of certain notes extends to the entire musical composition. In other words, if the key indicates, say, f-sharp, then the sharp sign means an increase in the “f” note at every measure and anywhere in the composition (unless otherwise specified, for example, the use of the bécar sign, but only in one measure) .
In the second case, the situation is somewhat different. A sharp sign in the middle of the work (if one is absent with the key) may also be present. Only here is its effect (enhancing the sound of a note) applied exclusively to a note or notes in front of which it is placed within a single measure. In the next measure, its action is automatically canceled.
Now consider the key sign sharp. What is it in terms of the effect on certain notes of the whole work? As already mentioned, this is a method of specifying notes enhancement throughout the work. What is most interesting, sharps in the key (as well as flats) have certain construction rules. In this regard, the number of scales that is available today is obtained.
The sequence of sharps with the key is as follows: fa, do, salt, re, la, mi, si. Along the way, it is worth noting that the flats are in reverse order. This rule needs to be known by heart, because thanks to this, you can always determine the main tonality.
If anyone remembers, back in Soviet times, children were encouraged to memorize these two sequences using rhyming couplets. One of the most famous can be called this:
“Fa, do, salt, re, la, mi, si -
bring me the gamut! ”
C, E, A, D, S, D, F -
Wait for me. Until!".
Determination of the fundamental tone of the gamma by sharp in key
The knowledge of sequences of signs with a key has a reverse side. Consider exactly sharp. What is this in terms of determining the keys?
Everything is very simple. By key signs, or rather, by the latter, it is quite simple to determine the main tone of the used gamma or harmony. For major keys from the last sign, you need to build up a small second (rise by a half tone), and for a parallel minor build a large second down (fall one tone).
This is easy to understand with a simple example. Suppose there are three characters in the key: F-sharp, C-sharp and G-sharp. From the last sign (in this case, G sharp), a half-tone up gives the key in A Major, and a tone down - in F Sharp Minor.
In principle, the notes of sharp characters allow you to perform, so to speak, inverse calculations, that is, knowing the key tonality, you can immediately say what signs are present in it with the key.
Building some types of gamma
As already clear, the main gamut is played only using signs with the key. Such majors and minors are called natural.
Of particular interest are harmonic and melodic minors, although you can find major scales of this type (they are rarely used). In the harmonic minor, the VII stage is additionally increased.
The melodic minor looks a little different. When playing scales up, levels VI and VII increase, and in the opposite order, these signs are canceled, being replaced by bakers. So, for example, the melodic A-minor when playing in both directions looks like this: whether, B, D, D, E, F-sharp, G-sharp A / A, salt (pure tone), F (pure tone), mi , re, do, si, la. It is not difficult, probably, to notice that the reverse sequence is nothing but the ordinary natural minor.
Now we do not take into account some specific modes, such as Lydian, Mixolidian or some other, in which there are rules for raising or lowering certain notes. They are already studied in music schools, and more in music schools and conservatories.
Conclusion
So, I think, with the question “Sharp. What is this? ”We figured out, even if not to the full extent, as the solfeggio subject implies, nevertheless, at first, this will be enough to understand some basic terms and rules. If someone wants to continue their education, it is better to do it in a specialized educational institution.