Human contemplation of the colors of the surrounding world begins from the moment of its birth and carries a significant semantic load. Over 80% of the information the brain receives through visual perception, and it is from them that the idea of space and reality as a whole is formed.
The beginning of the beginning: what is the harmony of color shades for?
The nature of planet Earth is full of extraordinary places, the variety of colors and bright shades of which amaze the imagination. The saturation and depth of the hidden corners of the globe has always excited the souls of designers, artists and simply connoisseurs of beauty. That is why the harmony of colors in nature has become the basis for selecting a palette and a source of emotional inspiration for creative people.
The task of the designer is to take, based on the consonance and laid-back beauty of nature, to create something no less beautiful, but already possessing a touch of personality. In order to brilliantly perform this task, it is necessary to realize the principle of the interaction of colors and shades, especially visual perception, the impact on the human subconscious of certain combinations. For this, a palette of harmony of colors was created.
General classification of colors in the world
The first taxonomy was made by Isaac Newton, who divided the light beam through a prism into seven colors. Now these shades are ranked as a rainbow - red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue , purple. Newton combined the colors in a sketchy circle, trying to make up the first palette.
The harmony of colors existing in modernity classifies shades according to two signs:
1. Achromatic - white and black, as well as all varieties of gray, gradually gaining saturation on the way from white to black.
2. Chromatic - all other colors ( spectrum colors ) and their shades, rich and saturated.
Color separation in gamut
The chromatic group of the spectrum is usually subdivided in more detail:
- Primary (red, yellow, blue). They are basic in creating further colors and their variations.
- Secondary, or compound (orange, green, purple). Extracted by mixing primary colors.
- Mixed. These include all other colors created in the process of combining a variety of shades.
In the latter variety, neutral colors are highlighted as a separate paragraph - black, white and gray.
Harmonic groups
The harmony of colors is expressed by four varieties of combinations identified on the basis of the connection of the palette of primary and secondary shades:
- A monophonic group expressed by a set of shades of the same color. To create a palette in this case, at least 2 colors are needed, all the rest is their variation, expressed by strengthening or weakening the contrast. The harmony of two colors in a schematic representation is presented in the form of a monochrome scale.
- Harmony of related colors, taking into account shades located in one quarter of the circle of the palette. The contrast will be minimal: red-yellow, blue-red, blue-green, yellow-green and other types of combinations.
- Harmony of contrasting colors, implying combinations of shades in the opposite quarters of the palette. In compositions such combinations are contrasting and easily attract attention, can be perceived as emotional and dynamic. To enhance the emphasis, colors are used that are located as far apart as possible. This will be the harmony of complementary colors.
- Related-contrast harmony, including colors from adjacent quarters of the circle. These sometimes completely different shades can be combined by a third, related them. For example, if yellow-red and yellow-green are made from red and green, they will overlap with a shade of yellow. So there is a harmony of three colors.
Human exposure to flowers
Shades on the human body have not only aesthetic, but also a pronounced psychological and physiological effect. Consider the main colors that affect the human body:
- Red. It is an exciting shade, raises vitality, strengthens the heartbeat, and stimulates the brain and liver. With all this, it negatively affects the nervous system and is limited for allergies and aggression.
- Orange. Gives a charge of activity and optimism, positively affects the nervous system and gastrointestinal tract, increases appetite.
- Yellow. Strengthens nerves, is favorable for depression, perfectly affects intellectual abilities and memory, helps cleanse the intestines and liver.
- Green. Favorable for the eyes and heart, has a general calming effect on the body and psyche, reduces blood pressure.
- Blue and blue. These colors are calming and calming, positively affecting the nervous system, eliminating the feeling of powerlessness and pain in the body.
- Violet. It has a positive effect on internal organs, helps with insomnia and migraine.
Spring and summer colors in the "concept of the seasons"
The classification according to the “concept of the seasons” was inspired by harmonious shades of nature itself. After all, where, if not here, are the most unexpected combinations that are directly related to seasonal changes. Separate spring, summer, autumn and winter groups. In each palette there is one dominant color, actively dominating the others in brightness or volume.
- Spring palette. Without a word, spring is the time when nature blooms and comes to life after winter inaction. This process is accompanied by bright and warm shades present in the blooming of fresh leaves and first greenery, in a clear sky and active sun. The palette is a scale in which all variations of the following colors are present: apricot, yellow, blue, green, lilac, terracotta, walnut and pale gold.
- Summer palette. The opinion that summer is accompanied only by bright colors is wrong. This is due to the fact that the human eye perceives all the bright shades through the rays of light, which give the summer colors a smoky-gray tint. The main color this season is blue. Also in the list there are such shades: light yellow, mouse blue, beige, lilac, chocolate, green, reddish, silver gray.
Autumn and winter shades in seasonal theory
- Autumn in the palette. Perhaps this time of year can be called the richest in a variety of shades. The harmony of flowers is reflected in the rich harvest of mushrooms, berries and fruits, as well as color-changing foliage. The primary color is red, the accompanying ones are reddish brown, corn, orange, peach, blue, coniferous, olive, coffee, plum.
- Winter. Memories of this time paint us monochrome landscapes, the nature that has quieted and hid under the snow cover. And on this almost white canvas bloody mountain ash berries, needles of fir trees and frosty sky are actively distinguished. The colors of the season, although cold, are distinct and pure, without any additions. The dominant color in the palette is blue, there are also snow-white, turquoise, blood red, black, navy blue, intense brown, beige, blue.
To summarize
Despite the fact that the beauty of natural shades seems complete and does not need to be finalized, you do not need to thoroughly transfer it to an object artificially designed by a person - whether it be an interior design or the creation of an author's little thing. Insolent copying and transferring of pure natural tones to the world artificially created by human hands looks ridiculous, and the harmonious correlation of natural shades is violated.
To prevent this from happening, you need to learn how to harmoniously mix together natural and artificially formed shades into a palette. It is important to have a natural taste and the ability to choose the right colors for each other to create the perfect interior, picture or external image. All the above schemes and notes will help the creative person in this.