On a VAZ-2109 car, the generator is made according to the classical scheme. It provides the most important thing in the power supply system - it allows all consumers to work in normal mode, and also charges the battery. When operating a car, you need to monitor the operation of the generator. And do not wait until the lamp on the dashboard starts to burn, it is better to carry out diagnostics and maintenance in a timely manner. Each element has its own resource, so it will be useful to write in a notebook when and which node was replaced.
The principle of operation of the generator
The VAZ-2109 generator consists of an anchor, two covers, a stator, a pulley with a fan. These are the main elements of the case. There are windings on the stator and rotor. The first consists of three parts, since it is necessary to obtain a three-phase voltage at the output. There is only one reason for this - such a scheme allows you to get rid of ripples, therefore, the efficiency of the device is higher. But this also imposes some requirements, which will be described below.
The principle of operation is based on the fact that the rotor moves inside the stator winding. It has a coil that is powered by the car's on-board network. Consequently, a constant magnetic field forms around the rotor, which also moves. And these are the main conditions for the operation of the generator set. The only thing that should be ensured for normal functioning is the stabilization of voltage on the winding of the generator rotor.
Diode bridge
It consists of semiconductor high-ampere diodes, which allow the conversion of an alternating three-phase voltage to a constant. As a result, at the output of the rectifier unit there is a constant voltage, the value of which is 12 volts. The diode bridge of the VAZ-2109 generator consists of six semiconductor elements. To improve the functioning of the power supply system, it is necessary to carry out the selection of current semiconductors during repairs.
Diodes are mounted on the plate, which is filled with epoxy resin. If you decide to carry out repairs yourself, be sure to make high-quality insulation so that the findings do not touch the generator housing. Cooling is due to the fact that the body is made of aluminum, and this metal perfectly gives off heat. In addition, the generator is blown by a stream of air, which is created by the impeller located on the front of the rotor. Due to this, the diode bridge of the VAZ-2109 generator is able to reduce its temperature during engine operation.
Voltage regulator
This is perhaps the most important element in the nine-generator system. With its help, the voltage of the rotor winding is stabilized. The thing is that the magnitude of the output voltage directly depends on how much will be supplied to the field winding. If you get rid of the regulator, then the voltage will fluctuate in a wide range - from 10 to 30 volts, depending on the engine speed. Remember, the higher the speed of the magnetic field, or its intensity, the higher the voltage at the output of the generator.
On vehicles of the ninth series, the voltage regulator is made in a single unit with a brush assembly. This is quite reasonable, since everything is compact. It is with its help that the rotor winding is powered. It should be noted that the excitation winding supply circuit also contains an incandescent lamp, which is installed in the dashboard. It signals a generator malfunction - for example, that the voltage at the output is insufficient, or that the voltage regulator, the brush assembly failed.
Rotor and stator windings
First, talk about what constitutes a stator winding. It is from it that the voltage is removed to power the on-board network of the car and charge the battery. On a VAZ-2109 car, the generator is very similar to an AC induction motor . However, if you make small changes to the design, the generator can also be used as an electric drive. Three windings on the rotor, each has a beginning and an end. The ends connect at a common point. Such a connection is called a star.
As for the rotor winding, it is much simpler. There are no extra taps; a copper wire on the rotor is wound in a roll. The ends of the winding are connected to the contacts that are located on the rear of the rotor. Of course, special attention is paid to the magnetic circuit, due to which the formation of the field around the coil occurs. During rotation, the magnetic field induces some potential in the stator windings. Actually, this is the basis for all the work of the generator. But there are many smaller nuances that you can talk about for as long as you like.
Generator bearings
As stated at the very beginning, on a VAZ-2109 car, the generator consists of two covers. Each mounted bearings. They are necessary in order to align the rotor. They also provide easier rotation. Consequently, friction is reduced many times, the generator resource increases. These bearings are not subject to repair, in case of failure replacement is necessary.
To do this, remove both covers: use a suitable nozzle (or an old bearing) to knock it out of its seat. New press and assemble the generator. The bearing housing is closed, it has grease. Additionally, it is not necessary to apply lithol or other lubricant to it. Most often, the bearing that is installed in the front cover fails. The reason is that it is subject to high loads, because on its side there is a drive belt.
Drive Belt Replacement
Different cars have differences, not an exception and the VAZ-2109 generator. If the injector is installed in the fuel supply system, the belt is used wide with teeth. It is somewhat similar to the one used in the gas distribution system. On carbureted engines, a V-belt is used. It is already, but the effectiveness still remains at a high level. But the requirements for the belt, both in the first and in the second cases, are the same. To replace the drive belt, you need a small mount and a key of 17. With it, you loosen the nut installed on the top of the generator.
Then, using the mount, you need to move the generator housing to the engine block. This way you can loosen the belt tension. Now you can easily remove it. The new one is put in place, and then slowly move the generator housing away from the engine with the help of a mount. Control the tension, because the life of the VAZ-2109 generator depends on this. The belt should sag at a certain load at the top.
Generator Performance Check
The first sign that the generator started to malfunction on a VAZ-2109 car is a burning lamp on the dashboard. It shows a red battery. Consequently, there is no battery charge. First of all, check the health of the voltage regulator, as well as the condition of the wires that are suitable for it. You can check the regulator if you use a car charger and a pair of finger batteries. First, 12 Volts is supplied to it, while the lamp connected to the brushes should light up.
When applying voltage above 14 volts, the lamp should not burn. If it ignites in both cases or does not burn at all, then the controller malfunctions. To check the voltage that is generated at the output of the generator, use the tester. Start the engine and turn on the dipped headlights. The voltage at the battery terminals should be about 12.5-13.8 volts. If it is smaller, then see if the belt is tight. If everything is normal, then look for the malfunction deeper - in the diode rectifier.
Alternator replacement
To carry out the replacement, you will need two ring wrenches for 17, one for 13 and 10. First, disconnect the battery, then disconnect all the wires that go to the generator. Then unscrew the upper nut completely. At the bottom of the generator is attached with one long bolt. Keep it from turning with one key, and unscrew the nut with the second. After that, the VAZ-2109 generator can be freely removed. The carburetor or injector at the heart of the power supply system is completely irrelevant. The new generator is installed in the reverse order of removal.
findings
Just knowing the basic components and principles of their work, you can repair the generator. But in some cases it turns out to be impossible. For example, when the device case is destroyed. In this case, a complete replacement of the VAZ-2109 generator will be much more effective than the restoration of the old one. As for all other elements, they can be replaced, and disassembling the device is not always required.