One of the important components of the exterior of the house is the porch. It should be strong and reliable, and also in harmony with the facade and the design of the site. If you wish, you can build a porch with your own hands. For this, it will be necessary to consider various projects of this design, as well as take into account the recommendations of specialists. How to build a porch, will be discussed later.
Design features
To build a porch with your own hands (the photo is presented below), you need to consider the main varieties of such structures. Before starting construction work, you need to create a project. Schematically represent the appearance of the porch, indicate its size. At this stage, you will also need to choose the right building materials. Their number can also be calculated on the basis of the created plan.
The porch should be not only durable and functional, but also beautiful. It should be in harmony with the facade. Given the materials from which the house was built, you can choose the type of construction correctly.
It is important to pay attention to the correct decoration of the porch. To do this, use statues, columns, create flower arrangements. Carved and forged balusters look spectacular. The design should be in the same style. Almost always, a canopy or canopy is created above the porch. You can decorate it with your own hands in accordance with the general view of the building.
You need to choose materials for the construction of the porch in accordance with the type of facade. If it is made of wood, the concrete structure will look inappropriate. For a brick house, it is recommended to create a porch from the same material. The metal structure will also look spectacular. For summer cottages, polycarbonate can be used in construction.
The porch necessarily consists of several parts. These include: steps, platform, railing and visor. For any type of porch, you will need to equip the foundation. Its type is chosen in accordance with the material, the weight of the structure, as well as other parameters.
How to make a porch with your own hands? First of all, you need to choose the type of design. It can be one of three types. There is a porch attached, built-in and simple. The last of these options consists of one or more steps, a platform and a visor.
The built-in porch is designed during the construction phase of the house. It is being built along with the main structure. This is a capital structure, which is characterized by strength and durability.
The attached porch is equipped after the construction of the house is completed. It can also be an advanced design. If it is necessary to rebuild the existing old porch, this type of structure is created.
Materials
Before starting construction work, you need to consider existing porch projects. With your own hands, you can develop a drawing according to existing schemes, which will indicate the dimensions and configuration of the structure. At the stage of creating your own project, you will need to determine what materials and in what quantity will be used in the construction process.
The easiest way is to create your own wooden porch. This material is easy to process. This results in a fairly lightweight design. She does not need to create a powerful foundation. Even a novice master can build a wooden porch with his own hands. This option is suitable for a small house or cottage. If the house is built of wood, it is recommended to choose the same material for the construction of the porch. This allows you to create a harmonious image.
For a brick house, a porch of the same material is more suitable. In this case, you get a fundamental, solid construction. This material is stronger and more durable than wood. However, during the construction of such a structure, you need to have skills in creating masonry. It should be perfectly flat. The construction process will take more time. In some cases, such a porch can be attached to a house decorated with other materials.
You can build a porch of metal with your own hands. This material can be combined with wood or concrete. However, there are structures made entirely of metal. The material must be highly resistant to adverse environmental factors. Forged balusters look beautiful on such a porch. The visor can also be decorated with this material.
Often the owners of private houses equip concrete porches. This type of construction is quite heavy. It requires a powerful foundation. The result is a sturdy, beautiful porch. It has a long service life. It can be supplemented with metal balusters.
In the northern regions, a closed type porch is equipped. This is a porch that can be glazed. Recently, polycarbonate porch decoration has been popular. Do it yourself with your own hands. Moreover, the cost of this material is low. It is worth considering that polycarbonate is not mounted on the south side of the house. In this case, it can only be used to create a visor.
Design
Before you begin construction work, you need to create one or more porch projects. It will be much easier to attach it to the house with your own hands, given all the nuances at the planning stage.
The drawing must indicate the location of the building. The plan should include: an indication of the paths on the site, features and dimensions of the front door of the house. Next, a drawing of the porch itself is created. The diagram should indicate which materials it is planned to build from, as well as the type and design features. It is necessary to determine the necessary dimensions of the building.
After calculating the weight of the structure, you can choose the type of foundation. At the same time, the climate features, the level of groundwater occurrence, the type of soil, etc. are also taken into account. The decorative design of the porch also needs to be considered. Particular attention is paid to the visor above the porch. With your own hands over the extension, you can create a beautiful and at the same time functional canopy. He will protect from the weather the people who come to the house. If the porch is glazed, it is necessary to provide for the presence of thermal insulation.
Each building element is thought through carefully. In this case, several nuances must be taken into account. It takes into account at what height the entrance to the house is. The upper platform should be on the same level with the first floor. In this case, a reserve is provided for the possibility of opening the front door. It should not touch the porch surface. The margin is at least 5 cm. The front door must necessarily open outwards (according to fire safety rules).
If there are several steps, it is necessary to provide for the presence of a railing. When moving, the additional support can prevent falling and injury. This is especially true in the winter and during rain.
The canopy above the porch should differ in certain dimensions. With your own hands, you can create its different configuration. However, its width and length should be sufficient to protect the upper platform in front of the door from precipitation. Also, the visor must be installed at such a height as not to interfere with the door when opening.
Dimensions
Do-it-yourself porch made of wood, brick, concrete or other materials is quite simple. To do this, you need to pay great attention to the process of planning and designing the building. The dimensions of each element of the porch must comply with certain standards. In this case, its operation will be comfortable and safe.
When designing, you need to correctly select the dimensions of the site in front of the front door. A person should, standing on it, open the door. Nothing should interfere with this movement. If the size of the site in front of the entrance is insufficient, the owners will need to go down to the bottom step. This causes some discomfort. Therefore, the space of the site should be greater than the width of the doorway.
When calculating the site, the type of door is taken into account. For single-leaf varieties, it is necessary to create a platform with a length of at least 1.5 m. At the same time, its width should be in the range of 1.5-1.6 m. If there are double-wing doors, the length of the platform is also 1.5 m. Its width must be at least 2 m. This is especially important if the porch is high.
If the porch has steps, they should be wide enough so that the leg of an adult fully fits on their surface. The tread should be at least 30 cm wide. The length of the steps (the width of the stairs) should be at least 80 cm. When attaching the porch to the house with your own hands, you need to ensure the correct angle of inclination of the stairs. It should be between 30º to 50º. The steeper the climb, the less materials you will need to spend on construction. However, a too steep staircase is unsafe and uncomfortable.
The height of the steps should be small. It is only 14-17 cm. This is required by safety rules. If you need to do a lot of steps (entrance to the house on the second floor), you need to equip special areas between the spans. This greatly reduces the likelihood of injury from a fall.
Wanting to build a porch for a private do-it-yourself, you also need to pay attention to the fences for the steps. The railing should be at a height of about 85 cm. Balusters should be located at each step. If there are small children in the house, it is better to install two supports for each tread.
Foundation
There are a number of building rules and regulations on how to make a porch with your own hands. The design must have a foundation. It is created on the same principle as for the main part of the house. In this case, the weight of the materials must be taken into account. If the porch will be built of concrete, brick, then the foundation can be tape or solid. Wooden or metal structures can be equipped on a pile or column foundation.
First you need to do the markup. This work is carried out in accordance with the previously developed plan. You need to install pegs in the corners. Next, a rope is pulled between them. Deepen the pit. It is necessary to dig a hole of the same depth as the main foundation of the house. The width of the pit should be 25 cm larger than the porch. If a cement, brick type of structure will be equipped, the foundation will need to be reinforced. Moreover, the steel bars need to be driven into the old base of the house.
Separately, you need to create recesses to create supports, if you plan to make a canopy over the porch. With your own hands over it, you can create a fairly powerful, heavy visor. For pits dig holes separately.
The bottom of the pit must be well tamped. After that, a layer of sand is poured here. It is aligned. Next, a layer of crushed stone is poured. Each of them should be at least 10 cm. Next, the formwork is created. It is best to use pine boards for these purposes. Then, a waterproofing layer is laid in the pit. It should cover the bottom and walls of the recess.
Bricks are laid at the bottom. They need to lay out a reinforcing mesh. The rods should be stacked in length and width. At the intersections they are connected by wire. After that, cement mortar can be poured. It can be poured in several layers. Each of them needs to be rammed in order to avoid voids in the concrete structure. Next, the surface is covered with a film. Concrete is poured periodically with water so that it gains the required strength.
Do-it-yourself wooden porch is easier to build. For this, a columnar foundation is arranged. You need to do the markup. Columns will be installed in the corners of the porch. The distance between them should be no more than 2.5 m. This type of foundation is not tied to the old base of the house. They make holes in the right places at a depth of 70 cm. The length and width of the recess should be 60 × 60 cm at the surface and 50 × 50 cm at the bottom.
The bottom is rammed. Then a pillow of sand and gravel is filled up. They cover the waterproofing inside (roofing material). The top is poured with a 5 cm cement layer. Next, 2 bricks are laid on the cement. They are covered with cement and 2 more bricks are laid across. The work continues until the supports of the required height are created. They will be equipped with a wooden porch.
Concrete porch
To build a porch with your own hands from concrete, you will need to create a formwork. The upper platform of the base must be covered with two layers of roofing material. After this, you can begin to create the formwork. To do this, in accordance with the created drawings, you need to create an appropriate design from the boards. It should have two side walls. The ends have the form of future steps. Partitions for risers should also be created. Each part must match the design configuration of the drawing. Formwork boards must be sanded thoroughly if no finishing is planned.
Each step must have reinforcement. To do this, create a grid of metal rods. You can create future steps from them. However, it is easier to create partitions from boards and for risers. The boards are connected using metal corners or wooden blocks. The side parts need additional support. Otherwise, when pouring concrete into the mold, it may not withstand. In this case, all work will need to be carried out anew.
Creating a porch with a canopy with your own hands, you can make supports of wood or metal. They can crash directly into the concrete base. For this, it is necessary to provide for the presence of recesses in the corresponding places.
The formwork needs to be greased with oil. In this case, its dismantling in the future will not cause any difficulties. Cement needs to be prepared so that is enough to fill the steps. It is prepared from the same materials as the foundation. You can buy the finished mixture in a specialized store. If the porch is large, the finished cement is ordered at the factory.
To attach the porch to the house with your own hands, you will need to pour concrete into the prepared form. Start from the bottom step. She needs to dry. Only after that create the second stage. Each time the surface of the cement must be carefully leveled. The material is covered with plastic wrap. Cement will also need to be moistened. Gradually fill the entire structure. It should dry well. Only after this is the formwork removed. The first to remove the boards for the risers of the lower row. If the concrete has dried, you can move on. Not earlier than a month later, the side parts of the formwork are removed.
Concrete porch decoration
Creating a porch for a private house with your own hands, you need to perform its correct decoration. If the surface is perfectly flat, you can leave the building as it is. To do this, you need to treat the surface with a grinder with a special circle. This will remove even small irregularities.
Various materials can be used to decorate such a porch. For example, it can be a tile. It should have a textured surface. It is also recommended to stuff special strips of rubber onto the edges of steps. This will avoid falling into ice or rain.
The porch trim made of porcelain tile looks spectacular. The materials used in this case must be resistant to temperature extremes, frost and other adverse weather conditions. This requirement also applies to the materials with which the plates will be mounted on the surface. To do the decorative decoration of the porch with your own hands, you can use different tiles designed for outdoor installation.
The railing can be made of metal. This is a spectacular combination that allows you to give the porch a different look. The supports for the canopy are also made of metal. The openwork weaving of forged balusters will look spectacular in combination with concrete steps.
If the canopy will be mounted above all the steps, the supports will need to be installed at the bottom and top of the stairs. In this case, the visor will adjoin the wall of the house. He connects to her using a special profile. The visor can be straight or convex. Metal structural elements will need to be primed and coated with 2 layers of special varnish or paint.
In some cases, a canopy is mounted above the polycarbonate porch. This material is durable, transmits sunlight and is not afraid of temperature changes. It can be bent, creating not just a ceiling, but a dome. So the canopy will look more aesthetically pleasing.
In some cases, supports are not used. The visor is mounted only above the upper platform. In this case, it is supported by supports that are fixed on the facade wall. They are also made of metal. You can choose decorative supports for mounting the canopy. , .
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This procedure is performed for all stages. The weld must be durable, free from defects. If the master does not have practical skills in using the inverter, he should train on an unnecessary piece of metal. When the seam is correct, you can begin to work.
The space of steps can be filled with different materials. It can be metal, wood or concrete. The first option will be appropriate to create a porch of an economic or technical building. To make the steps look more beautiful, you need to install inside each metal form from the corners of the board. Their thickness should correspond to the height of the frame shelf. They are screwed with screws. To do this, in appropriate places you need to make holes using a hammer drill with a drill for metal.
You can also pour concrete steps. It is necessary to cover the bottom of the steps with a board. A layer of waterproofing is laid on it. Reinforcement is placed inside each step. Next, pour the steps. Their surface must be carefully leveled. The material is moistened so that it does not crack during drying. After a month, you can polish the concrete surface.
Metal porch finish
To complete the construction of the porch with your own hands, you need to equip the frame for the canopy. It is also made of a metal profile. Supports are equipped at the stage of creating the foundation. Therefore, in the process of finishing, you will need to install the cross bars. They are also welded to metal supports.
The flooring from the profile for the visor will also need to be installed on pre-prepared posts. It is better to make the flooring at a slope. This will allow snow and rain to quickly drain off the visor surface.
When the frame is created, you need to primer all the metal elements. Crossbars and supports are coated with two coats of paint. After that, you can lay polycarbonate or other material on the visor. It is fixed to the frame with self-tapping screws.
In the process of finishing a metal or other other porch, it is necessary to provide for the presence of lighting under the visor. It can be one lamp installed above the door. If style allows, you can mount wall lights on one or both sides of the door. Lighting should be bright enough so that in the dark, the owners of the house clearly saw the keyhole.
Lighting also plays a decorative role in the design of the porch. With it, you can emphasize the overall style of the exterior.
Knowing how to build a porch with your own hands from different materials, you can create a strong and durable construction. Thinking it through to the smallest detail, you can not be afraid of difficulties in the process of doing the work.