Symptoms and methods of treating stomatitis in adults. The consequences of stomatitis

Stomatitis is a disease that is usually associated with childhood. Under the influence of various adverse factors, the body's defenses are weakened, as a result of which the development of inflammation starts in the oral cavity. Pathology is characterized by the appearance of erosion, vesicles, wounds and ulcers, which bring pronounced discomfort and significantly reduce the patient's quality of life. Currently, the disease is increasingly being diagnosed in adults, which in most cases is caused by adverse environmental conditions.

The mechanism of development and features of pathology

According to statistics, for the first time, people aged 10 to 20 years encounter this disease. As they grow older, episodes of stomatitis rarely occur, but there are also cases in which new wounds form in the place of newly healed wounds, which indicates the transition of the disease into a chronic form.

To date, the mechanism of the development of the disease has not been fully studied. There are several versions, but the following is considered the most probable: under the influence of one or another stimulus, a peculiar process of attack by the immune system of molecules that it cannot recognize is launched. A similar situation occurs when performing organ transplants. The attack of such molecules leads to the development of an inflammatory process on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. Thus, ulcers, erosion and other lesions of the epithelial tissue are a kind of immune response in response to the action of any stimulus.

One of the features of the disease is its duration. Treatment of stomatitis in adults takes an average of 4-14 days. There are no traces left at the site of inflammation. In addition, after successful treatment, a person does not form a stable immunity. This means that the disease may reappear amid weakening of the body's defenses.

Causes

The process of development of stomatitis can start under the influence of the following provoking factors:

1. Brushing teeth with aggressive ingredients. When buying pasta and rinse aid, you should pay attention to the presence of a substance called LSN (sodium lauryl sulfate) in them. This component is used for better foaming during toothbrushing. LHF is an aggressive substance, with its contact with the mucosa, the risk of stomatitis in adults increases. At the same time, treatment becomes longer, since in most cases the main provoking factor is not eliminated. In addition, after interaction with sodium lauryl sulfate, the mucous membrane becomes vulnerable to food irritants. As a result, the risk of developing complications of the disease increases. Studies were conducted, the task of which was to obtain information on how rinsing agents and toothpastes without LSN in the composition affect the course of the pathology. As a result, it was found that cleaning products without this component do not have any effect on the development of the disease. Persons suffering from a chronic form of stomatitis have noticed that the healing process of ulcers has accelerated.
2. Injury to the tissues of the oral cavity. Mechanical exposure is one of the main causes of stomatitis. The disease can develop against the background of the usual occlusion of the mucous membrane with teeth or eating food, which is an irritant for delicate tissue (chips, salted seeds, crackers, etc.). In addition, the correct installation of crowns and prostheses is of no small importance. Their edges should be smooth, otherwise they will constantly injure the mucous membrane. As a rule, treatment of stomatitis in adults in this case takes several days, but its duration can be increased due to complications.
3. Diet. Scientists have identified a relationship between the lack of vital vitamins and minerals and the incidence of the disease. In most cases, the diet of people constantly suffering from stomatitis is not balanced. In particular, the risk of an ailment increases with a deficiency of B vitamins, iron, selenium, folic acid and zinc.
4. Long stay in stress. Psycho-emotional stress is the cause of the development of most diseases, including stomatitis. It has been established that people who are constantly under stress are more likely to suffer from ulcers and erosion in their mouth.
5. Allergic reaction. Often, the trigger factor in the development of pathology is certain foods or chemicals. In this case, it is advisable to visit an allergist, who, according to the results of the diagnosis, can identify the irritant. It is also recommended that you keep a food diary for some time, recording in it the form of the eaten product and the body's reaction to it. This method is long, but quite informative. The most common allergens include: milk, red and orange fruits and vegetables, sauces, spices, seafood, confectionery, medicinal herbs, chewing gum. In addition, medications can provoke an undesirable reaction.
6. Pathogens. With a decrease in immunity, the mucosa becomes vulnerable to the life of pathogens. They are also the main cause of the development of complications.
7. Hormonal imbalance. A connection was established between the occurrence of inflammation and certain phases of the menstrual cycle in women. Most often, episodes of exacerbations also occur during the period of gestation.
8. Genetic predisposition. If one or both parents periodically encounters a problem of stomatitis, the likelihood that their children will also suffer from the disease increases significantly.
9. Dehydration. It occurs with frequent vomiting, insufficient fluid intake, fever, significant blood loss, increased sweating.
10. Various pathologies. Persons who are constantly faced with the problem of stomatitis need to undergo a comprehensive examination to detect other diseases.
11. Smoking.
12. Excessive consumption of alcohol-containing drinks.
13. Ignoring the need for hygiene procedures.

Thus, stomatitis can be the result of many diseases and conditions. In each case, the duration of treatment is different.

Types of Stomatitis

The course of the disease can be acute, recurrent and chronic. Pathology is also classified by provoking factors. Before starting treatment for stomatitis in adults and children, it is necessary to determine its shape.

The disease has the following types:

1. Catarrhal. With this form, the condition of the patients does not worsen. They easily tolerate stomatitis, periodically complaining of soreness, itching and dryness in the oral cavity. On examination, a doctor reveals redness and swelling of the mucous membrane. In most cases, internal organs are involved in the pathological process.
2. Erosive and ulcerative. In addition to edema and redness, small bubbles filled with a clear liquid are observed. After opening in their place erosion formed, covered with a coating. Single sores can connect, as a result of which large foci of inflammation appear. In addition, there is swelling in the gums, they begin to bleed with any mechanical impact. Lymph nodes located under the lower jaw are enlarged, with palpation there are pronounced pain. Patients complain of worsening overall well-being, lack of appetite, fever and weakness. The process of eating and talking is accompanied by painful sensations.
3. Traumatic (another name is bacterial). The disease develops due to the ingress of pathogenic microorganisms onto the mucous membrane, the integrity of which was impaired.
4. Aphthous (another name is herpetic). In this case, the cause of the disease is viruses. Infection occurs during contact with a sick person or his personal items. Almost immediately after the penetration of the herpes simplex virus into the body, the following symptoms appear: a constant feeling of weakness, instability of the psychoemotional state, pallor of the skin, increased body temperature, and loss of appetite. In addition, submandibular lymph nodes increase, bubbles form in the oral cavity, lips crack and become very dry, crusts form on them.
5. Allergic. This form of stomatitis is not an independent disease. In this case, the disease is only a symptom. Thus, any allergen causes stomatitis in the mouth in adults. Treatment in this case is aimed at combating the underlying pathology. During the development of the disease, redness of the mucosa is observed, white spots or small hemorrhages appear on it.
6. Fungal. In most cases, it is referred to as candidiasis. Children are most susceptible to this form of the disease, since their saliva does not yet contain substances that neutralize the action of pathogenic microorganisms. Fungal stomatitis in adults is much less often diagnosed. When it is detected, the treatment is the same as in children.

Thus, the treatment regimen for each form of the disease is different.

Symptoms

With stomatitis, foci of inflammation can be localized on the mucous membrane of the lips and cheeks (on the inside), under the tongue and on the bottom of the oral cavity, in the area of ​​the tonsils, in the soft palate. At first they have the appearance of redness, which gradually swell, which is accompanied by itching and burning. After this, shallow ulcers (with the exception of wounds with an aphthous form of stomatitis) are formed, ulcers and erosions having an oval or round shape and even edges, marked by a red border. In the center of inflammation, you can notice a thin film that is white or gray. Often the location of ulcers is solitary, they are at a considerable distance from each other. Otherwise, the foci can merge, forming a vast inflamed surface.

In the presence of ulcers, vesicles and erosion, the process of eating food is significantly complicated due to the occurrence of pronounced pain. She also appears when trying to move her lips or tongue. In addition, a person is worried about:

• increased salivation;
• bad breath;
• pronounced sensitivity of the tongue.

You should immediately consult a doctor if the development of stomatitis is accompanied by conjunctivitis, inflammation of the nasal mucosa and genitals. A combination of these symptoms suggests that the patient has Behcet's syndrome. This is a serious autoimmune pathology in which the arteries are affected, which results in the appearance of sores on the mucous membranes.

If the occurrence of inflammatory foci was preceded by signs of disruption of the digestive system (diarrhea, stomach pain, blood in the feces), we can judge the presence of Crohn's disease, which is chronic and characterized by intestinal damage.

In addition, stomatitis can be accompanied not only by standard signs, but also by joint pain, the appearance of blisters on the skin, and inflammation of the eye mucosa. In this case, the doctor suggests the presence of a severe form of allergy (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), which appears in the presence of pathologies of an infectious nature or while taking certain medications.

Stages of the disease

Doctors distinguish 3 stages of the development of the disease:

1. Initial, in which redness of the mucous membrane of the tongue and gums occurs. It becomes dry and shiny.
2. Stage, during which the mucous membrane of the oral cavity is covered with a light coating. The film is not attached to it, it is very easy to remove. This stage occurs 1-2 days after the initial one.
3. Stage, characterized by the appearance of blisters, ulcers and erosion.

With timely treatment, the damage disappears quite quickly, and in their place remains a healthy tissue without any traces.

Diagnostics

It is necessary to consult a dentist at the first sign of stomatitis. It is this specialist who is engaged in the treatment of the adult and his further observation. Based on the results of the research, he can refer for consultation with other doctors (for example, an infectious disease specialist or an endocrinologist).

In the process of admission, the dentist carries out the initial diagnosis, which includes the following steps:

1. Poll. The doctor must provide information on existing and previously transmitted diseases. This will help establish the cause and make the most effective treatment regimen. In adults, the symptoms of stomatitis in the mouth can have a different degree of severity, at the reception you need to describe them as accurately as possible.
2. Inspection of the oral cavity. The specialist assesses the condition of the mucosa, the nature of the location, the shape and depth of ulcers and erosion.

In most cases, the information obtained during the initial diagnosis is sufficient for diagnosis. Sometimes laboratory testing is needed to detect fungi or viruses.

If stomatitis is not treatable, the doctor draws up a referral for a thorough diagnosis, as the cause of the pathology can be serious diseases.

Drug therapy

Its goal is to reduce the severity of symptoms and reduce the duration of the disease. Each form of the disease requires an individual approach.

Regardless of the severity of the symptoms, the doctor should deal with the treatment of viral stomatitis in adults and their further monitoring. As a rule, he appoints the following funds:

1. "Oxolinic ointment." The active substance of the drug has a detrimental effect on viruses, not only herpes, but also influenza. The tool can be used to treat the disease in young children and pregnant women. According to the instructions for use with the ointment, it is necessary to treat the inflamed areas 2 to 4 times a day.
2. Tantum Verde in the form of an aerosol. The tool stops the development of the inflammatory process and relieves pain. Irrigate the mucous membrane every 2-3 hours.
3. Zovirax. This drug is an antiviral agent and promotes the speedy healing of affected areas. Contraindication is the age of up to 12 years. Ointment should be treated with rashes every 4 hours. The maximum duration of treatment for herpetic stomatitis in adults (whose photo is presented below) is 7 days.
4. Holisal. This gel product is applied to the gums twice a day. The drug reduces the severity of the inflammatory process and relieves pain.
5. "Metrogil Dent." This is an antiseptic that has a detrimental effect on pathogens and prevents the attachment of a secondary infection. It is necessary to process the mucosa 3 to 5 times a day.
   

Fever is one of the symptoms of viral stomatitis in adults. Treatment also involves taking antipyretic drugs. As a rule, the doctor prescribes funds based on ibuprofen or paracetamol. Additionally, he can recommend drugs that strengthen the body's defenses.

It is a mistake to believe that the doctor prescribes antibiotics to quickly treat stomatitis in adults. With this form of pathology, drugs of this action are powerless - they do not have any effect on viruses.

Treatment of bacterial stomatitis in adults involves the administration or topical use of the following drugs:

1. Immunomodulators. They strengthen the body's defense system, reducing the duration of the disease.
2. Antibiotics. As a rule, the main cause of this form of the disease is coccal infection. With such pathogens, only antibiotics effectively cope. In addition, they are prescribed in cases where the patient has a severe degree of the disease. Most often, the doctor prescribes drugs based on penicillin, amoxicillin, lincomycin, etc.
3. Antiseptics. At an early stage of the development of the ailment, treatment of the mucosa with ointments and gels with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects is indicated.

Untimely treatment of bacterial stomatitis in adults and children can lead to the development of necrosis. In such cases, surgery is indicated, during which dead tissue is removed.

The key to quick treatment in adults with aphthous stomatitis is thorough disinfection of the oral mucosa. For this, solutions based on hydrogen peroxide, furacilin, chlorhexidine are used. By disinfection, secondary infection can be avoided. In addition, immunomodulators, antipyretic and analgesics are prescribed.

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Folk methods

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4. Dried and chopped St. John's wort grass pour ordinary vodka without additives. The ratio of ingredients should be 1: 5. An ideal option is if the tincture is aged for several days, but if it is urgently needed, it can be used after 5-7 hours. 40 drops of the product must be diluted in 100 ml of warm boiled water. The resulting solution needs to rinse the oral cavity three times a day. This recipe is perfect for treating aphthous stomatitis in adults at home, as the tincture promotes the speedy healing of deep damage.
5. Compresses from raw vegetables (for example, carrots or cabbage) can be applied to sores. To do this, they need to be crushed, the resulting slurry should be wrapped in a gauze napkin and applied for half an hour to the affected area. For treatment of adult stomatitis in the sky, you can use freshly squeezed potato or carrot juice as a rinse aid.
6. Prepare a decoction of calendula, sage and chamomile. The tool is intended for rinsing the mouth and can be used to treat viral stomatitis in both adults and children.
   

Nutrition for the disease

To improve well-being, the following rules must be observed:

1. Eat every 3 hours, while serving should be small (maximum 200 g).
2. Dishes need to be crushed, puree-like consistency is considered ideal.
3. The food should be warm.

Before each meal, it is recommended to treat the mucous membrane with an anesthetic. Immediately after completing the meal, rinse your mouth with an antiseptic.

Finally

Stomatitis is a disease that occurs under the influence of certain provoking factors. Pathology significantly reduces the quality of life, since talking and eating food deliver pain.

If you experience the first alarming symptoms, you should consult your dentist. The doctor will determine the form of the disease and make the most effective treatment regimen. At home, the most effective treatment for stomatitis in adults is soda, garlic and medicinal herbs.