Is there a special diet for gallbladder disease? After all, this body through the reduction of the walls provokes the removal of bile from its cavity and ensures its correct and timely outflow. However, if the mobility of the bile ducts is impaired, this can lead to dyskinesia and other pathological phenomena. For example, to the formation of gallstones. Symptoms of the disease and nutrition not only need to be studied, but also strict compliance.
In combination therapy, along with drug treatment, a special diet is used, which is selected depending on the diagnosis.
Symptoms of the disease
Similar diseases, regardless of the causes and mechanism of their development, are manifested by similar main symptoms. Patients are concerned:
- pain in the right side of the abdominal cavity that cannot be relieved by taking medications;
- dyspeptic symptoms - nausea, vomiting;
- fever;
- raspberry tongue;
- decreased appetite;
- weight loss;
- bitter taste in the mouth;
- flatulence, bloating;
- belching with air;
- dry mouth
- upset stool, constipation;
- intense urine from deep yellow to brown.
- light feces.
Features of nutrition for gallbladder disease
During an exacerbation of the disease, food is recommended to be taken in liquid form, drinks (for example, tea) are allowed to be consumed with sugar, and juices should be diluted with water to reduce their acid concentration. It is advisable to grind the thick of the first courses in mashed potatoes, it is better to cook on lean broth. Porridge is also consumed in liquid form. It is important to take food often, but in small volumes, otherwise large portions will cause a high load on the diseased organ. Food should be rich in vegetable proteins, but fats should be excluded.
What other nutritional recommendations are there for liver and gallbladder disease? After operations on the organ, a strict diet is prescribed, and sometimes even a vegetarian diet. At this time, it is equally important to drink a sufficient amount of fluid - in case of development of diseases of the gallbladder, you need to drink at least 3 liters of water per day. During the diet you can not eat sauces, marinades, spices, smoked, salted and fried foods. All products must be baked, boiled or steamed, withstanding temperatures from 20 to 60 degrees.
Products to be excluded from the menu for gallbladder disease
Initially, it is necessary to determine what foods can not be consumed during a therapeutic diet. This list includes:
- fresh bread (during the day after baking);
- fried, smoked, salted and spicy dishes;
- pickles, pickled dishes, canned meat and fish;
- dairy products more than 6.3% fat;
- legumes (lentils, peas, beans);
- dressings, sauces, mayonnaise;
- green cabbage soup, okroshka, rich borsch;
- sorrel, onion, pickled cabbage, radish, radish, rhubarb;
- alcoholic drinks;
- cakes, chocolate, custards, ice cream, cakes, cocoa;
- fruits and greens containing essential oils.
The principles of nutrition for liver and gallbladder disease should be strictly observed.
Allowed Products
The first dishes with exacerbation of gallbladder disease are prepared without dressings and frying on vegetable broths. Vermicelli milk soups are welcome. Lean cabbage soup, fruit soups, borscht and beetroot are also useful. Season first courses with flour or dried vegetables. Bread should be made from wheat flour 1 and 2 grades, as well as from rye or peeled flour. Fresh bakery products cannot be consumed, only yesterday’s baking is allowed.
In addition, it is allowed to eat fish of low-fat varieties cooked in a baked or boiled form. From fish you can make dumplings, meatballs or souffles. Meat products without tendons and fatty deposits are also welcome, if the dish is prepared from poultry, the skin is removed.
Proper nutrition for the gallbladder is important to observe not only at the time of exacerbation, but also in the future, to prevent relapse.
Of the meat, young veal, turkey meat, rabbit meat, chicken, low-fat parts of lamb are most preferred. The meat is baked, boiled or steamed. It is used for stuffing cabbage rolls, cooking pilaf. The use of egg yolk is limited - no more than one per day. But protein omelet with inflammation of the gallbladder is very useful, it can be consumed daily. Prohibited eggs (yolk + protein), cooked in a fried form or hard-boiled.
Main dishes can be prepared from vegetables using vegetable oil. Very useful squash caviar, fruit salads. As snacks, you can use soaked low-fat herring, boiled fish, mild and low-fat cheese, seafood, ham.
It is also important to note that nutrition for gallbladder disease in women and men will be the same. In the diet menu, milk, kefir, yogurt and acidophilus must be present. Sour cream is used only as a seasoning. It is better to replace with low-fat yogurt.
In addition, with the pathologies of this organ, any cereals from cereals are allowed, but it is most preferable to eat oat and buckwheat porridge. Pilaf with dried fruits, boiled pasta, puddings with cottage cheese are also recommended. Vegetables are eaten stewed or raw, in side dishes and salads. Recommended for use are boiled onions, mashed potatoes and green peas (boiled, but not canned). All fruits except sour are allowed. They are consumed in boiled, baked and raw form. Stewed fruit, jelly and mousse are allowed.
Among the sweets in the diet with the gall bladder, you can use marshmallows, marmalade, marshmallows, jam, sweets without chocolate or honey in normal amounts.
As for drinks, it is permissible to drink weak coffee with milk, tea, juices and fruit drinks from fresh vegetables and fruits. Useful decoctions of wheat bran and rose hips.
The above diet is prescribed absolutely for all pathologies of the gallbladder, which include any inflammation of this organ, including with the formation of stones and congestion.
Nutrition for hepatitis and gallbladder disease
The liver is the main gland of external secretion, which produces enzymes for the digestion and assimilation of food. Its other function is the detoxification of harmful nutrients. With hepatitis, some of the cells of this organ ceases to function. The load on healthy hepatocytes increases significantly. In order to prevent a pronounced load on the liver with hepatitis, strict diet is recommended. Gastroenerologists say that the diet for hepatitis contributes to a significant slowdown in the spread of the pathological process. Adhering to nutritional care for diseases of the gallbladder and stones in the organ, a person can shorten the recovery time, reduce the likelihood of complications.
In a chronic process
In the chronic process, a diet is prescribed that reduces the load on all sections of the digestive system. Products must be carefully ground. The temperature of the dishes is moderate - chilled and hot foods are excluded. It is forbidden to drink alcohol, rich broths. Food should contain a minimum amount of cholesterol, oxalic acid, various essential oils. Plant fibers predominate. The number of meals - at least five times a day. In addition, there is a sharp restriction of salt intake and increased fluid intake - at least 2.5 liters.
When an acute inflammatory process occurs in the liver, dieting plays a paramount role. The approach to nutrition does not differ from the diet in the chronic process, however, the consumption of fats is more strictly limited. To make it clearer, we consider in more detail the nutrition in case of gallbladder disease.
Diet description
For any pathologies of the gallbladder and liver, diet No. 5 is prescribed. She has several options that are used for certain diseases. Diet No. 5c is prescribed for the treatment of hepatitis, acute cholecystitis or at the stage of exacerbation of chronic forms of such diseases. With this diet, the consumption of carbohydrates is limited (no more than 200 grams per day), due to a decrease in the amount of jam, sugar and honey. In addition, it is recommended to reduce protein intake to 80 grams and fat to 40 grams. Food at table No. 5c is prepared without adding salt, all the ingredients of these dishes are ground, mashed, mousse and soufflé are made from them. With cholecystitis and hepatitis, you need to provide the body with a large amount of vitamin C, and therefore a rosehip decoction is included in the diet.
In the acute period of diet No. 5c, it is necessary to adhere to it for 5 days, that is how much time the patient needs for the bed period, after which he is transferred to follow diet No. 5a, and diet No. 5 is returned two weeks later.
Diet number 5a
Such nutrition with inflammation of the gallbladder is adhered to at the stage of exacerbation of liver pathologies such as hepatitis or cirrhosis. Therapy lasts for 10 days. The products provided for in this diet should supply the body with the necessary substances and microelements, however, at the same time, it reduces the load on the digestive organs. Table No. 5a excludes food that can provoke fermentation and rot in the intestines, and also increases the secretion of bile and gastric juice. All products are steamed and in a water bath, then they are crushed to a puree consistency. Porridge, like oatmeal or buckwheat, is well boiled separately, and then added to soups. Fat intake is allowed no more than 30 grams per day. Food is consumed in small portions up to 6 times a day.
Sample menu
Diet No. 5 implies sparing nutrition during gallstone disease, hepatitis and other diseases of this organ system. Sample menu:
- Breakfast: oatmeal cooked in milk, cottage cheese casserole, tea with sugar substitute.
- Second breakfast: unsweetened crackers, cottage cheese, rosehip broth.
- Lunch: meat patties, pearl barley soup, vegetable stew, stewed fruit.
- Snack: baked apple.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge, scrambled eggs, tea with honey.
- Before going to bed: acidophilus.
Gastroenterologist's advice
Gastroenterologists often have to deal with complications of diseases of the digestive system. Not all pathologies of the liver and gall bladder are directly related to snacking on the run, addiction to fast food and unbalanced nutrition. They can be a consequence of infection with a bacterial pathogen. Violations of the diet hit these organs most of all. In order to prevent calculi in the bladder due to stagnation of bile, and liver cells to maintain their efficiency and not degenerate into connective tissue, intake of sugar, sweets, fatty and high-calorie foods should be limited. High-calorie nutrition is one of the main causes of malfunction of the gallbladder and liver.
Products that increase the load on the digestive tract should be limited or completely excluded. These are citrus fruits, coffee and chocolate, carbonated drinks, an abundance of spicy and spicy. Alcohol and carbonated drinks are especially harmful to the digestive system.
Gastroenterologists note that the method of cooking food in nutrition for chronic diseases of the gall bladder is very important: fried has a bad effect on the digestive tract, especially during an exacerbation of the disease. Therefore, they recommend eating foods boiled or stewed, and do it always. Coarse fiber can irritate the intestines, increase the level of gas formation, increase peristalsis. Therefore, it is important to observe the measure in the consumption of fruits and vegetables, despite the fact that they are very useful in liver and gall bladder diseases.
Long breaks between meals, according to experts, are harmful. It is best to eat fractionally, up to 6 times a day, with mandatory breaks of 3 hours. If you regularly starve, bile stasis develops in the gallbladder and the process of formation of sand and stones begins.
Many patients are interested in the question - can I eat after 18.00? Gastroenterologists advise not to over-eat at night, because it is very harmful, but going to bed hungry also does not bring benefits in the above diseases. Therefore, the last meal should be no later than 2 hours before bedtime.
If there is a load on it in case of a digestive system disease (birthday, wedding or other celebration is ahead), it is necessary to adjust the diet and start taking enzymes in advance to facilitate the work of the gall bladder and liver.
Recipes for liver and gall bladder pathologies
Do not think that nutrition in chronic diseases of the gallbladder is very poor, and the products are tasteless. On a therapeutic diet, you can quite varied and fully eat. There are many recipes for cooking.
For example:
- Stuffed Cucumbers. Peel the cucumbers, cut lengthwise into two parts, removing the grains and giving them the shape of a boat. Finely chop the tomatoes, and chop the steep egg and cabbage finely, mix with 20 g of sour cream, fill the resulting mixture with cucumbers, sprinkle with chopped dill.
- Salad of apples and tomatoes. Ripe and dense tomatoes and apples, peeled from the core and peel, cut into circles. On a plate lay mugs of tomatoes and apples, pour yogurt and sprinkle with parsley leaves.
- Apples with rice. Rinse the rice and cook porridge. Cut the apple into slices. Pour in a small volume of boiling water, bring to a boil, add raisins, sugar, butter, rice, salt and hold under cover for 10 minutes over low heat.
- Fruit salad. Rinse apples, pears, grapes and plums, dice, pour sour cream or yogurt. If desired, recipes for diet with diseases of the gallbladder can be varied. But strictly within the permissible limits.
- Cabbage cabbage soup with fish. Chop onions and cabbage, salt and cook for 30–40 minutes in a double boiler. Fry portions of fish in a pan with non-stick coating (without oil) until tender, dip in cabbage broth, add a small amount of spices and bring to readiness. Cabbage soup served with sour cream and sprinkled with herbs.
- Borscht. Peel, chop, onion, carrots, celery and parsley, put in a saucepan with a small block of butter, close the lid and simmer, stirring occasionally. Rinse the beets, peel, chop, put in a saucepan, add 3 tbsp. tablespoons of tomato paste and stew. Sift the wheat flour and dilute with water. Pour 1 liter of water into the pan, boil, lower the cabbage, potatoes, sliced in small slices, and stewed carrots, onions, parsley and celery. After that, dip the flour in water, boil for 5 minutes, add bay leaf to the borsch. Season the borsch with salt and serve with sour cream.
Thus, in the manifestation of symptoms of gallbladder disease, nutrition plays an important role in treatment. And the rules of a therapeutic diet are important not only to know, but also strictly observe.