Each political organization has an ideological platform as its main feature. The monarchist parties proclaim the revival of imperial power in Russia as their main idea. The existence of such organizations began in the early twentieth century.
What is a monarchical form of government?
The term "monarchy" itself means that the main power in the state belongs to one person - the king, king, emperor, etc. The change of leader occurs according to the rules of succession. This form of government is either absolute, when the power in its entirety belongs only to the monarch, and no one disputes his decisions, or constitutional, when there is a parliament in the country.
Today, there are countries where monarchical power has been preserved. Mostly it is a constitutional monarchy, as, for example, in England, where the royal house does not take part in government, but only performs a symbolic function, pays tribute to tradition. You can meet the absolute power of the ruler in some eastern countries, for example, Saudi Arabia.
Monarchy in Russia
In Russia, the monarchical system existed for many years, up to the beginning of the 20th century. Initially, it was an absolute monarchy, when the sovereign’s power did not limit anything. But during the reign of Nicholas II, the tsarist government underwent some changes. Since 1905, the State Duma appeared in the country, which meant the emergence of a constitutional system.
In Russia today, a parliamentary republic has been proclaimed , headed by the president. Also in our country there are a large number of political organizations, among which there are monarchist parties.
The emergence of monarchical organizations in Russia
By the end of the 19th century, political movements of a monarchist orientation began to take shape in the Russian Empire. Their main goal was to protect the existing system from various changes and reforms. An example is the society called Russian Conversation, which was founded at the turn of the century, in 1900. Also this year, the oldest party was founded, the activity of which continued illegally even after the Revolution. It was called the "Russian Assembly."
The monarchist parties began to appear mainly after the Manifesto came out on October 17, thanks to which the country's population gained democratic rights and freedoms. The State Duma was created, and parties of a monarchist orientation became one of the political forces.
If we talk about the political movements of that time, advocating the preservation of traditional values and royal power, then we can name the two largest organizations. They were created in 1905. One was called the Union of the Russian people, and the other was called the Russian Monarchist Party.
Union of the Russian people
This is the largest monarchist party in Russia of the 20th century. She had the largest number of members - about 350 thousand people. Anyone could enter the organization, regardless of social status, but representatives of the intelligentsia played a dominant role. Such a wide coverage of all social groups was justified by the goal of the party - to unite all Russian people for the good of the Fatherland for the sake of a single and indivisible country.
Among the program principles of this organization, chauvinistic, nationalist sentiments and radical Orthodoxy were popular. She was also characterized by anti-Semitism - rejection of persons of Jewish nationality.
As for the state system, the Union of the Russian people is a monarchist party. The form of government is absolutism, the parliamentary governing bodies of the country were denied. The only thing that this organization proposed was the creation of a national deliberative body working for the benefit of the tsarist government.
The movement ceased to exist after the October Revolution. An attempt to recreate was undertaken in 2005.
Russian monarchist party
A political organization called the Russian Monarchist Party was also founded in 1905. Its number was not as huge as that of the Union of Russian people - only about a hundred thousand people.
Beginning in 1907, the Russian monarchist party began to bear a different name, which was associated with the sudden death of its creator and leader - V. A. Gringmut. The organization began to be called the Russian Monarchical Union, and headed by I.I. Vostrogov, formerly former deputy of Gringmouth.
Unlimited autocracy was proclaimed, the church played a special role in the life of the state. She had to play a major role and be the guarantor and bulwark of the moral and spiritual life of people. As for the Duma, it was not rejected by the ideas of the movement, but should have been a catholic authority.
The Black Hundreds
The above parties do not represent the entire spectrum of monarchist organizations and movements of that time period. The common name for these movements is the Black Hundreds. They are participants in patriotic organizations, a common feature of which is nationalism, anti-Semitism, chauvinism, and adherence to Orthodoxy. These are conservative-monarchist parties that stood guard over the traditional values of that time, ideological adherents of absolute tsarist power.
Among them are such organizations as the Union of Michael the Archangel, the All-Russian Dubrovinsky Union of the Russian people, the Sacred Squad, as well as the Union of Russian People and other Black-Hundred Movements.
Monarchist Party of the Russian Federation
Today, among the most famous parties and movements of the monarchist persuasion, the Monarchist Party of Russia, founded by political strategist and businessman Anton Bakov, can be called. The organization was officially registered by the Ministry of Justice in 2012, at the same time its constituent congress was held. The monarchical party of Russia is a supporter of the constitutional monarchy; moreover, the text of their own Constitution is posted on the official website of the organization. An interesting point is that for its members this organization issues passports with citizenship of the Russian Empire and is going to take part in the elections. The leader of the party, Anton Bakov, publishes books, and is also known for his statements regarding V. I. Lenin and I. V. Stalin. He is going to arrange a public court for them for the overthrow of the Romanov dynasty and the destruction of the Russian empire.
The Monarchist Party of the Russian Federation proposes Nicholas III, who is a descendant of Emperor Alexander II, as the heir to the throne. It is known that this is a German prince who converted to the Orthodox faith.
Monarchist movement today
In modern Russia, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, a large number of various political organizations appeared, among which there are monarchist parties. They do not take part in the struggle for power, but are engaged in social activities - they conduct various events.
As for the question of who should become sovereign in the event that Russia returns to tsarist rule, then many parties and movements have their own opinions on this matter. Some recognize the heirs to the throne of the Romanovs who are now living abroad as legitimate candidates, others believe that the tsar should be elected, and still others recognize the current president of Russia as emperor.