Violation of the functions of the gastrointestinal tract, manifested by general intoxication and occurring after ingestion of toxins, poisons or poor-quality food, is called poisoning. This pathology is considered the most common in everyday life. No one is safe from food poisoning, as it can be caused by ordinary, familiar products. In this case, the gastrointestinal tract is affected primarily. Therefore, a diet for poisoning is a necessary treatment. It is as important as drug therapy, because it helps to establish the functions of the stomach and intestines.
General characteristics of pathology
Poisoning is a fairly common occurrence. All people are exposed to this regardless of age and state of health. You can get poisoned with chemicals, poisonous plants or mushrooms, alcoholic beverages. In everyday life, food poisoning is most often found. Such factors may become its cause:
- unwashed hands, dirty vegetables or fruits;
- the use of products treated with chemicals;
- expired dairy products;
- raw eggs;
- improperly stored prepared food;
- poorly fried meat or fish.
Food poisoning is most often accompanied by symptoms of a violation of the gastrointestinal tract. In case of poisoning with poisons, chemicals or alcohol, signs of intoxication of the body come first. The patient experiences severe weakness, headache, fever may increase.
Diet features
The main symptoms of poisoning are a violation of the digestive tract. The patient experiences abdominal pain, flatulence, bloating, nausea. He has vomiting, diarrhea. The poisoning diet is a special nutritional system that helps restore the functions of the gastrointestinal tract and reduce the level of intoxication in the body. A sparing diet and a meal regimen contribute to a gradual decrease in inflammation. This helps to restore the water-salt balance, the mucous membrane of the walls of the digestive tract and prevents complications. The main goal of such nutrition is to reduce the burden on the digestive organs, and quickly digest food.
The main principles of the diet for poisoning is not to overeat, but to ensure the intake of all necessary nutrients. Often in the early days there is no desire at all, so do not force yourself. But it is very important to observe the correct drinking regimen. This will help to avoid dehydration. With the right diet and food choices, the activity of the gastrointestinal tract is restored, the pain goes away and the intestines work. Diet for food poisoning helps to remove poisons and toxins from the body. This quickly improves the patient's condition. The diet of this diet is special, therefore it is undesirable to use it in other cases, for example, for weight loss.
Sometimes patients notice that they want salty. This means that with vomiting and diarrhea, the body has lost a lot of sodium. To replenish it, you need to dissolve a teaspoon of salt in a glass of water and drink it. Often with fluid, the body loses a lot of potassium. Its deficiency is compensated by the infusion of wild rose, a decoction of raisins or prunes. It’s good to prepare such a medicine: peel and cut several potatoes and carrots. Boil them in a liter of water. Strain and add salt to taste. The broth should be drunk in half a glass every half hour.
Nutrition in the early days
At the first symptoms of poisoning, it is very important to provide first aid to the victim correctly. In severe cases, gastric lavage is required, but mainly adsorbents, anti-inflammatory drugs, and sometimes antibacterial drugs are sufficient. In addition, it is very important to maintain the digestive tract with a special diet. In this case, it is necessary not to load it, it is recommended to starve in the first days, only drink more. In order not to provoke vomiting, you need to drink in small sips, not more than half a glass at a time.
A decoction of potato starch helps cope with abdominal pains. In the first days after poisoning, it is better not to add fruit to it. Green tea with mint helps with nausea. To quickly remove toxins from the body, accelerate the regeneration of the mucosa and restore the digestive system, it is recommended to take decoctions of chamomile, St. John's wort, chicory, flax seeds. With diarrhea, blueberry jelly or rice broth is useful.
The diet for acute poisoning consists mainly of liquid food. A few days should be limited to dried fruit compotes, unsweetened green tea, decoctions of herbs. It is permissible to eat several crackers of white bread. Only after 2-3 days it is recommended to slightly diversify the diet.
The basic rules of diet
If immediately after poisoning you should not force yourself to eat, then after a few days you need to start gradually incorporating different foods into the diet in order to prevent a lack of nutrients and exhaustion. In this case, you need to eat in small portions, but 4-5 times a day. Sometimes it is recommended to eat every 2-3 hours, but eat no more than 100 grams of food at a time so as not to overload the stomach.
Food should be light, and best - mashed. In the first week, porridge should be cooked in water, and soups in vegetable broth. Food temperature should correspond to body temperature, both hot and very cold food are harmful. All food should be fresh, cooked at home. Convenience foods are not suitable for a poisoning diet. The choice of products should be very strict, you need to try to exclude expired foods, spoiled vegetables and fruits, stale meat.
How many days after poisoning to follow a diet depends on its severity. In mild cases, 3-4 weeks is enough, but usually doctors recommend that you keep a special diet for at least 6 weeks so that the mucous membrane of the digestive tract is fully restored.
Allowed Products
To quickly restore the activity of the digestive tract, it is imperative to follow a diet when poisoning. What you can eat, the doctor will tell, since often the choice of products depends on the characteristics of the patient's condition. You need to carefully choose foods so as not to overload the digestive tract. It is recommended to include such food in the diet:
- steam cutlets from several times rolled lean meat or fish;
- mashed vegetable soups;
- rice, buckwheat, semolina porridge on the water;
- cottage cheese casseroles or pudding;
- crackers, dry biscuit cookies without butter or cream;
- baked or boiled vegetables;
- baked non-acidic fruits - apples, pears.
Prohibited Products
Most of the food familiar to a person is heavy for the stomach and contains many substances unnecessary for the body. Such food can cause increased gas formation, cramping in the stomach, and fermentation in the intestines. Therefore, a diet for food poisoning excludes their use, because they can aggravate the condition of the patient. The following products are especially harmful in such cases:
- various sauces, seasonings, spices, onions, garlic;
- fatty meat and fish;
- canned food, sausages, semi-finished products;
- spicy, pickled or fried foods;
- confectionery, chocolate;
- butter baking;
- raw vegetables and some fruits;
- black bread;
- eggs
- whole milk;
- fiber foods: cabbage, beans, corn;
- coffee, carbonated drinks, alcohol.
Drinking mode
The main guarantee of a quick recovery from poisoning is the correct drinking regimen. It will help remove toxins from the body and avoid dehydration. It is recommended to drink after each attack of vomiting or an act of defecation. You need to drink a little, in small sips. The liquid should not be cold, but not hot.
At first it is recommended to take solutions prescribed by a doctor for dehydration. They will help restore disturbed water-salt balance. This, for example, Regidron, Gastrolit, Glucosolan. A decoction of seeds and greens of dill will help relieve bloating and increased gas formation. On the first day, only clean water and special medicines are recommended. Then you can include other drinks:
- jelly and stewed fruit or berries;
- tea without sugar;
- rice broth, decoctions of herbs, rose hips, chamomiles;
- still mineral water.
Sample diet menu for poisoning
Usually, the doctor gives recommendations on nutrition to the patient. Although not always with food poisoning, people go to a medical institution. But even in mild cases, a diet is necessary for poisoning. What you can eat is better to know in advance. So it will be easier to make a diet. A sample menu for five days might look like this:
- Lack of food, only as much fluid as possible.
- A bit of vegetable broth, mashed potatoes, crackers, at least 2 liters of liquid.
- Boiled rice on water, vegetable broth, crackers, plentiful drink.
- Low-fat chicken stock, baked vegetables, steam fish cakes, biscuits.
- Boiled rice, chicken broth, souffle curd.
Diet for poisoning in a child
This condition is common in children. As a rule, the characteristics of nutrition in this case are almost the same as the diet for poisoning in adults. The basic rules are sparing semi-liquid food, the absence of products that irritate the digestive tract. It is very important to drink more. Sometimes it is recommended to give the child every 15 minutes several teaspoons of liquid.
In the early days, you should be limited to dried fruit compotes, decoctions of herbs, crackers made of white bread. Then you need to cook semi-liquid cereals on the water, vegetable soups without cabbage and beans. In the second week, it is possible to include steam chicken cutlets, low-fat chicken broth in the diet for poisoning in a child . Within a month, it is necessary to refuse baking, salted and pickled dishes, confectionery, fried foods.
Quite rarely, but still there is food poisoning in the infant. In this case, it is necessary to maintain breastfeeding, as mother's milk for the baby is the best medicine. But you need to remove the complementary foods, introducing it gradually, but not earlier than a month later.
Poison Prevention
Poisoning greatly undermines health and reduces performance. Therefore, it is better to prevent this condition. To do this, you must follow a few rules:
- For drinking use only high-quality clean water;
- store cooked foods separately from raw ones;
- for meat and fish should be separate knives and cutting boards;
- Before cooking, be sure to wash your hands;
- monitor the shelf life of products.
The diet for poisoning in adults and children may seem unusual to someone. Many people don’t like such food. But in order to avoid complications in the form of serious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, it is better to wait a while and follow a diet.