Ovarian cystoma is a benign ovarian tumor that arises from epithelial tissue. The cause of the cystoma may be a previously existing cyst. The tumor is usually connected to the ovary with the help of an anatomical leg, consisting of blood vessels, nerves and ligaments.
Ovarian cystoma has a cystic shape and grows due to the growth of epithelial cells and the accumulation of exudate in the cystic plane. It occurs in 25-30% of cases of all tumor formations in the ovaries. Cystoma can be papillary and smooth-walled.
A smooth-walled cystoma looks like an oval or round shape with a smooth surface, usually filled with a serous substance. The appearance of this tumor, as a rule, occurs at childbearing age, the disease is most often asymptomatic, and sometimes pain is felt in the lower abdomen. The menstrual cycle with a smooth-walled cystoma is not violated.
Papillary ovarian cystoma differs from smooth-walled papillary formations and the presence of several chambers, which are also filled with serous contents and give the tumor an irregular shape with an uneven surface. With the development of a tumor, women feel frequent pain in the lower abdomen. Often, such a cystoma can lead to infertility, although it does not violate menstrual function. The tumor grows very slowly and can exist for many years without changes.
Ovarian cystoma: symptoms
Small tumors are usually not accompanied by symptoms: there are no pains, the menstrual cycle is not broken. They are accidentally detected due to routine gynecological examinations or during examination for reasons of infertility. A large tumor can cause severe pain, impaired abdominal organs and a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen.
Strong clinical symptoms are caused by twisting of the cystoma legs: nausea, cutting pain, heart rhythm disturbance, temperature. With great physical strain, improper gynecological examination or trauma to the abdomen, the capsule of the cystoma may burst. There are two types of cysts: mucinous and serous. In most cases, the first leads to damage to only one ovary, and the second to both. Often, serous cystoma is accompanied by accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity (ascites), inflammation and dysfunction of the fallopian tubes (hydrosalpinx). The final diagnosis is revealed by histological analysis of the tumor after surgery.
Ovarian cystoma: treatment
Treatment of ovarian cystoma is prescribed only by a qualified doctor, after a number of studies and procedures have been done. Treatment can be carried out both medically and surgically. It depends on the test results. If necessary, drugs with an anti-inflammatory effect are used. In this case, women are monitored by a doctor for two to three menstrual cycles. But often the treatment of ovarian cystoma requires surgical intervention, because there is a possibility of its degeneration from benign to malignant. Excessive tumor growth may impair the function and function of the pelvic organs. In women of fertile age, the tumor is husked, while maintaining healthy ovarian tissue. Elderly women are recommended to remove the ovaries, appendages and uterus.
In case of twisting of the leg of the tumor or rupture of its capsule, the operation is carried out urgently. The volume and complexity of this procedure depends on the nature of the tumor and the age of the patient. After removal of serous tumors, patients need to be observed and examined by a gynecologist. The basis for the prevention of ovarian cysts is a regular gynecological examination.