Flux is a fairly common disease, scientifically called jaw periostitis. It is classified by reason of occurrence, as well as by the nature of development and the degree of damage.
It is logical that therapy also differs depending on these factors. Therefore, a clear answer to the question of how flux is treated in dentistry does not exist. However, the topic is relevant, so you should pay a little more attention to it and consider the most effective methods of therapy.
In brief about pathology
First you need to figure out how this disease manifests itself. It is characterized by inflammation of the periosteum of the alveolar arch or body of the jaw.
The disease always arises as a result of infection through a periodontal pocket or tooth cavity. Once in the bone tissue, it locally affects it. As a result, pus forms, which cannot go outside, and therefore accumulates under the periosteum. The result is the formation of a cavity filled with exudate.
This fluid consists of anaerobic and aerobic pathogenic microorganisms. As a rule, putrefactive microbes, streptococci, staphylococci, as well as gram-positive and negative sticks, fill the exudate.
It should also be noted that in rare cases, flux occurs as a result of soft tissue wounds and open jaw fractures. Sometimes infection occurs due to the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms from already infected organs through the lymphatic or circulatory systems.
Symptomatology
Before you talk about how flux is treated in dentistry, you need to list the signs that this disease manifests itself.
There are many symptoms, and they can be distinguished in the following list:
- Swelling of the upper lip, if the upper incisors are affected.
- Swollen lower eyelids, cheekbones and cheeks. This occurs if the flux has affected the upper premolar.
- Swelling of the parotid chewing area. It is observed with the defeat of the upper molars.
- Chin and lower lip enlargement. If the mobile jaw is affected.
- Significant destruction of the tooth affected by the infection.
- Painful gum tightness. This is called a subperiosteal abscess, since purulent contents accumulate under it.
- Hyperemia of the mucous membrane and soft tissues.
- Fistula (rarely).
- Increased to 38 ° C temperature.
- Fatigue and severe weakness.
- Poor appetite.
- Trouble sleeping.
- Inflamed lymph nodes.
- Headache.
- Chills and other symptoms of general intoxication.
- Pain spilled or local in nature, which often radiates to the forehead, ears, neck, neck and ears.
- Difficulties in talking and chewing food.
It is strongly recommended that you be interested in how flux is treated in dentistry directly with your doctor. Periostitis is a serious disease, ignoring which leads to serious consequences.
Launched pathology is fraught with purulent lesions of the facial bones (osteomyelitis), inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue (periandibular phlegmon) and blood poisoning (sepsis).
Operation
Now we can turn to the question of how to treat flux on the gums in dentistry. A key therapeutic measure for periostitis is surgery, the purpose of which is to open the abscess. If the disease is diagnosed at the initial stage, then the tooth cavity can be opened, and then decay can be removed, thereby creating the most favorable conditions for the outflow of exudate.
How is flux treated in dentistry in advanced stages? Only with the removal of an infected tooth. If acute purulent periostitis is diagnosed, then surgery is prescribed immediately. The doctor opens the abscess, cutting the gum, and then removes the contents. This is an emergency, but the most effective and safest measure.
How is flux removed in dentistry? Usually, the operation is performed on an outpatient basis. In rare cases, in a hospital. The patient must undergo local anesthesia (infiltration or conduction). General anesthesia is rarely indicated.
After stopping the acute process, a radiography is performed, the purpose of which is to find out whether it is possible to save the tooth at all, and then to cure it with therapeutic methods.
If the condition is hopeless, then it is deleted. An open wound must be cleaned of pus, after which a drainage is installed - a rubber tube that is inserted into the oral cavity to remove exudate.
On this operation is considered completed. If periostitis was complex and neglected, then after removal of pus and elimination of edema, laser, ultrasound therapy or iontophoresis are prescribed. In other cases, when everything is normal in the patient, rehabilitation treatment with antibacterial drugs is prescribed.
Ampioks
Now we can proceed to consider antibiotics used in dentistry for flux. Ampioks is a combination drug that acts simultaneously as ampicillin and oxacillin.
That is, it produces a bactericidal effect, resistant to acids, against which all of the above parasitic microorganisms that cause the disease itself cannot resist.
Ampioks quickly stops bacterial processes. But you can take it only from the age of 14: the body must be completely resistant to the treatment.
The drug is available in the form of a solution for intramuscular injection and in the form of tablets. The dosage, like the drug itself, is prescribed by the doctor. But the daily maximum dose is 3-6 g. It can be increased by 1.5 times with multiple foci of inflammation on the gums and with especially severe infections.
Be that as it may, the daily dose of Ampioks is necessarily divided into four doses, the same amount of time must pass between each of them. Treatment with the drug, as a rule, lasts from 5 to 7 days.
Oxamp-Sodium
Continuing to study antibiotics used in dentistry with flux, this drug should also be noted. "Oxamp-Sodium" is an antibacterial agent of the penicillin series, which also combines the action of oxacillin and ampicillin.
It is prescribed from the age of 14, but other dosages are 0.5-1 g at a time. Depending on the severity of the disease, the maximum daily amount of the drug can be 4 g. The duration of treatment varies from five days to two weeks.
Intramuscular administration of the drug is acceptable. But a certain amount of it (from 0.2 to 0.5 g) must be diluted in medical water in the amount of 2 and 5 ml, respectively, and injections with such a solution.
"Lincomycin"
Since we are talking about what means are used in the treatment of flux, whose photo is truly unpleasant, it is necessary to tell about this substance. "Lincomycin" is an antibiotic belonging to the group of lincosamides. It has a bacteriostatic effect, inhibiting protein synthesis in a microbial cell.
It is usually prescribed when the first symptoms of the disease appear. You need to take the medicine two hours before a meal. During this time, the active substance is distributed throughout the body.
However, because of the fast and intensive absorption, the antibiotic is contraindicated in people with gastrointestinal problems. Even people who do not suffer from such pathologies, it is recommended to take biologically supplements that reliably envelop the stomach and intestinal walls.
As for the dosage, for adults it is 500 mg of the drug 2-3 times a day. If the patient understands that “Linkomycin” caused diarrhea in him, and you cannot do without the means that can stop this unpleasant phenomenon, then you need to take them at least 3 hours before or after taking the antibiotic. Because any fixing medication worsens the effectiveness of the antibacterial drug.
The duration of therapy is from 7 to 14 days.
Ekomed and Ekolinkom
These two semi-natural antibacterial agents are very often used to treat flux in dentistry. They are as safe as possible: their bacteriostatic effect is due to the suppression of protein synthesis of parasitic bacteria as a result of disruption of peptide bonds. And their main active ingredient is the notorious lincomycin.
These funds are available in capsule form. Dosage - 500 mg at a time. You need to take the medicine three times a day two hours before a meal. If a mild form of periostitis is diagnosed, then two times is enough.
Despite the safe composition and gentle action, there are contraindications. Drugs are prohibited for people with liver or kidney failure, hypersensitivity to macrolides, as well as pregnant and lactating women.
"Tsifran"
An effective antimicrobial agent that helps treat flux and tumors. The product belongs to the group of fluoroquinolones and has a wide spectrum effect. The effect occurs as a result of suppression of DNA gyrase by the substance and inhibition of bacterial DNA synthesis.
"Digital" is a tablet with a dense shell. It is enough to take 0.25 g of the active ingredient twice a day. If the flux is in an advanced state, then the dosage is doubled, but the frequency of administration remains the same. In extreme cases, the doctor may prescribe 0.75 g in the morning and evening. In any case, you need to drink the drug 2 hours before a meal or 60 minutes after it. The therapy lasts up to two weeks.
It is important to make a reservation that Tsifran is able to provoke allergic reactions, manifested in the form of redness of the skin, itching and rash. The worst case scenario is anaphylactic shock. Alarming symptoms of poisoning include palpitations, low blood pressure, nausea, headaches, and tinnitus.
Therefore, in no case should you prescribe yourself any drug. The doctor selects the tool and method for treating flux based on the results of the diagnosis and the individual characteristics of the patient.
Siflox
If you want to know how flux is treated in dentistry on the gums, you need to remember the name of this drug. Its active substance is ciprofloxacin, an antibacterial agent that has a wide spectrum effect.
The recommended dosage is 250-500 mg in the morning and in the evening, preferably 2 hours after a meal. If the lesion is serious, then it can be increased to 750 mg. Siflox treatment lasts from 5 to 14 days.
Unfortunately, the drug can cause a number of adverse reactions. This includes abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, fatigue, headache, sleep disorders and nightmares, skin itching, hives, as well as changes in blood composition, arthralgia, and even hallucinations.
In case of poor tolerance of the drug, it is recommended to replace Sifloks with safer analogues, which include Tarivid and Nolitsin.
Cyprohexal
Another effective tool that is included in the list of antibiotics used for flux in dentistry. “Cyprohexal” is an antibacterial drug from a number of fluoroquinolones that produces a bactericidal effect, inhibiting the activity of DNA gyrase and disrupting the growth and subsequent division of microorganisms.
Also available in tablet form. Dosage, depending on the severity of the condition, varies from 250 to 750 mg. And you need to take the drug twice a day. The course of treatment with a medication lasts from 10 to 15 days. But if periostitis has a mild form, then 5-7 days are enough.
Typically, Cyprohexal is well tolerated. But vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, and other intestinal disorders, as well as headache, cramps, tremors, and fever can occur. Therefore, it is forbidden to take it in the presence of neurological problems.
Mouthwash
So, antibiotics used in dentistry were listed above. Flux is an inflammatory process that cannot be eliminated without them. But antibacterial agents alone can not do.
To reduce the production of pus and eliminate swelling, doctors usually recommend rinsing the oral cavity with solutions with anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effects.
Here are the tools used for these purposes:
- "Chlorhexidine." An excellent antiseptic that destroys all pathogenic organisms that provoke inflammation. It does not cause allergies, but also contributes to the healing of damaged areas. You need to use a solution with a concentration of 0.5%, you can even every 2-3 hours.
- "Malavit." A herbal product that effectively suppresses the growth of parasitic bacteria, as well as relieves pain, inflammation and swelling. Before use, 10 drops of the product should be diluted in a glass of warm water.
- "Rotokan." So called alcoholic infusion, made on the basis of calendula, sage and chamomile. This healing collection has decongestant and antiseptic effects. Dilute the solution in a ratio of 1:10 with water (for one glass - 20 ml of the composition). Rinse once every few hours.
- Betadine. It contains iodine, which is considered an excellent antiseptic. The tool not only eliminates inflammation, but also disinfects the wound and contributes to the outflow of pus. It must be used at least 4 times a day.
- Hydrogen peroxide. The most famous antiseptic "assistant" in any situation. Peroxide instantly “draws out” pus, killing pathogenic microorganisms and disinfecting the wound. It is recommended to use after surgery and installation of drainage. But you need to breed peroxide in equal proportions with distilled water.
Rinsing will help alleviate the symptoms of flux. Treatment and therapy of the disease are necessarily accompanied by this procedure, but it must be done correctly. How exactly?
Rinses are carried out after eating, and then another 2-3 hours you can not eat and drink. The solution should be cool. And before the procedure itself, you need to brush your teeth. By the way, it is necessary to rinse slowly - intensive actions can lead to the opening of the wound remaining after tooth extraction or opening of the flux.
Anti-inflammatory drugs
In continuation of the topic relating to the question of how to remove flux in dentistry, you need to list the drugs in this group. The following anti-inflammatory drugs are considered the best anti-inflammatory drugs:
- "Nimesil." Available in tablet form. Quickly affects the focus of inflammation, effectively reducing swelling and eliminating pain. An additional effect is the normalization of body temperature. A non-steroidal agent is an inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase enzyme.
- "Naklofen." This is a derivative of phenylacetic acid, it is available as an injection. Its use helps to quickly eliminate inflammation and pain. But with problems with the gastrointestinal tract and heart, “Naklofen” is forbidden, just like in case of chronic rhinitis.
- Ketonal Duo. It has antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and also analgesic effects. Available in tablets.
- "Diazolin." It is a blocker of histamine H1 receptors. It is actively used in the rapid treatment of flux, as it helps to quickly get rid of edema and pain. "Diazolin" has a mild sedative effect, as well as antipruritic and anti-allergic.
- Ibufen. The drug has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. The effect appears less than half an hour after administration. The product is available in the form of capsules and suspensions.
- Diclofenac. One of the most effective and fastest drugs. It is a derivative of phenylacetic acid and is widely used in the treatment of flux in dentistry.
Ointments and gels
Drugs produced in such forms perfectly eliminate inflammatory processes and quickly repair damaged tissues. Some also relieve pain.
So, in eliminating the symptoms of flux and treating the disease, such ointments help:
- "Metrogil Dent." The most famous drug in dentistry. The drug is combined, antimicrobial, with chlorhexidine and metronidazole in the composition. The ointment quickly anesthetizes and eliminates even the most severe swelling.
- Levomekol. Saves in cases of severe suppuration, as it has a powerful antibacterial effect. Ointment is also indispensable if there is extensive injury and damage to the mucous membrane. Using Levomekol, you can really quickly heal the wound and regenerate the upper layer.
- Holisal. This ointment with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects is widely used in the treatment of gum flux. A photo of the drug is presented below. You should remember this medication, since it acts in the literal sense of the word instantly (since it is rapidly absorbed). The effect lasts up to 8 hours.
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Physiotherapy
What do with flux in dentistry, in addition to the above? Medication can be supplemented with physiotherapy. Her methods help speed up the healing process of all pathological wounds, and in a short time and without complications.
The most popular procedures are UV and a helium-neon laser. With their help, regeneration is accelerated at times, and inflammation is eliminated in a matter of days.
Electrophoresis is usually used in conjunction with various drugs, but this is as necessary. As a rule, analgesics that effectively eliminate pain are involved. And for the cleavage of purulent exudate and its subsequent excretion, enzymes are used. If you need to restore bone tissue, apply electrophoresis with calcium.
By the way, very often on the next day after the operation, UV and UHF therapy is prescribed, with the aim of directly affecting the mucous membrane in the affected area.
But since we are talking about the symptoms, causes and treatment of flux, it should be noted that the physiotherapy is not shown to everyone. People with low blood pressure and problems with the endocrine system are forbidden, as well as pregnant women.
In addition to the above activities, you can make compresses and lotions. They not only have an analgesic effect, but also limit the spread of the inflammatory process, inhibiting the development of pathogenic bacteria. Usually they are made with dimexide, salt or soda. What is better to use, and whether it is necessary at all, the doctor will tell.
Care and Prevention
All the main nuances related to the topic were described above. Now it’s clear what the flux is called in dentistry, as a result of which it is formed, what symptoms indicate its development, as well as what drugs and methods are used in the treatment process.
Finally, you need to compile a set of recommendations that must be adhered to each patient in the course of therapy. So, the rules are as follows:
- Rinse your mouth several times a day with an anti-inflammatory balm or antiseptic. After recovery, by the way, is also recommended.
- Brush your teeth twice a day, otherwise the bacteria will continue to spread to healthy teeth and gums.
- After each meal, rinse your mouth with clean water at a comfortable temperature (including tea, coffee, juice, including).
- To exclude from your diet too hot and cold dishes, as well as spicy, sour, sweet delights. Food should not irritate the oral cavity, either chemically or physically.
- Do not overheat or supercool. This will affect the inflammatory process in the worst possible way.
- It is important to observe the dosage shown by the doctor. Several antibiotics cannot be taken at once, especially if they have one active substance.
- During therapy, you need to completely abandon bad habits, stop drinking and smoking.
And, of course, after recovery, all kinds of measures must be taken in order to avoid the re-development of periostitis. It is necessary to carefully and regularly care for your teeth and oral cavity, visit a dentist every six months, treat caries in a timely manner and diversify your diet with foods high in calcium and phosphorus.