Of the 85 entities formed the composition of Russia. Republics make up one fourth of this amount. They occupy about thirty percent of the total territory of the country. A sixth of all residents of the state live there (excluding Crimea). Next, we examine in more detail the term "republic". The article will also provide some historical information regarding the formations of these entities, and a list of existing formations is given.
The concept of "republic of Russia"
Regions and territories are considered the administrative-territorial components of the country. Republics are usually called state entities. We can say that they are small national associations that exist on the territory of one state. All republics of Russia establish their own constitution. In addition, these entities can legitimize the state language common to all autonomy. During the existence of the Soviet Union, the concept of autonomous socialist republics (abbreviated as ASSR) was used, which were also called autonomous regions. They had the value of national-state formations, while regional centers and territories were called territorial units.
First education
The republics of Russia began to form at the beginning of the twentieth century, the revolution was barely over. They were created, leaving provincial territories and other units. However, further such formations began to arise from already existing areas with a free position. Usually they were considered separate territories, but sometimes remained part of the territories and regional centers. When the Constitution was adopted in 1936, new republics began to appear less and less. Few of those that appeared earlier completely separated from Russia, remaining, however, as part of the USSR.
Formations that are part of other entities
There were not only the republics of Russia. They were formed as part of already separated entities, representing autonomous units. For example, independent entities — Adjaristan and Abkhazia — have emerged from the Soviet Republic of Georgia. And in the Republic of Azerbaijan, Nakhichevan was formed. For five years, the Uzbek SSR included the autonomous formation of Tajikistan. Later, it finally acquired complete independence and became the Tajik SSR, also concluding an alliance with the once-patronizing republic. A few years later, Uzbekistan received the Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in its possession. The territory of Ukraine was previously adjoined by the Republic of Moldova, which left it after twenty-six years of union, leaving part of the territory. The last formed republic was Tuva. After its appearance, the number of autonomous entities has not changed for another thirty years.
Further development
Beginning in 1990, the republics of Russia began to form again (the list will be given just below). However, now education was due to the acquisition by the former autonomous entities and regions of absolute sovereignty. In the summer of 1990, each republic achieved independence, as well as many areas that previously did not have autonomy. The transformation of the Adygea, Khakass, Gorno-Altai and, besides them, the Karachay-Cherkess regions took place. Then divided Chechnya and Ingushetia, which once represented a united republic. During the process of gaining independence by subjects, they were awarded the title of sovereign.
However, it is worth noting that for all the time the topic of getting the republics full autonomy and separation from Russian territories was not mentioned. After gaining independence, new objects developed in different ways. For example, the barely formed republics of Adjara and Nakhichevan, which for many years had the status of autonomies, merged with other entities. So, they became part of the Georgian and Azerbaijani entities. Abkhazia, which was a Soviet republic, planned to remain part of the union of
sovereign states, while Georgia did not support this idea. A similar problem arose on the left bank of the Dniester, previously considered part of the Moldavian autonomy, and then decided to become an independent territory. There was no peaceful solution to the problem, so a series of hostilities began. They did not help Georgia and Moldova regain control, they only contributed to accelerating the formation of two new republics - Abkhazia and Transnistria.
Scroll
Twenty-two autonomous formations are known. As a rule, in all sources the republics of Russia are distributed in alphabetical order. So, in the list are indicated:
- Republic of Adygea;
- Altai;
- Bashkortostan;
- Buryatia;
- Dagestan;
- Ingushetia;
- Kabardino-Balkarian Republic;
- Kalmykia
- Karachay-Cherkess Republic;
- Karelia;
- Komi;
- Republic of Crimea;
- Mari El;
- Mordovia;
- Sakha (Yakutia) ;
- North Ossetia Alania;
- Tatarstan
- Tyva Republic;
- Udmurt Republic ;
- Khakassia
- Chechen Republic;
- Chuvash.
Chuvash Republic
The subject is in the Volga Valley. On the right bank is the
Volga Upland, and on the left is the plain territory. In this part, the Volga receives the tributaries of the Sura, Anish and Civil. In the 2nd millennium BC, representatives of the Balanovo and Srubnaya nationalities lived on the site of the present republic. A few centuries later they were replaced by Gorodets tribes. Active settlement began in the 7–9 centuries AD. At that time, the Suvar and Bulgar tribes migrated from the Lower Volga. Subsequently, it was from these nationalities that the Chuvashs formed. By the 10-13th centuries, Volga Bulgaria was formed. But by the 14th century, the state fell into decay. This was due to the raids of the Tatar-Mongols. So, for several centuries the lands passed either to the Bulgarians, then to the Mongol-Tatars, or then adjoined the Kazan Khanate (in 1546 the territory of the future Chuvashia was under his yoke). As a result, the people asked for help from the then reigning Ivan the Terrible. In the sixteenth century, Russia joined them.
The Chuvash Republic had several fortresses on its territory. Among them are, for example, Yadrin, Tsivilsk.