A placental polyp is a neoplasm formed from the mucous membrane of the endometrium and the remainder of the placental tissues. The active process of proliferation of mucous membranes leads to the appearance of wide or narrowed polyps on a thin stalk. The placental uterine polyp is usually treated surgically, followed by a long recovery with medication. If the first signs of pathological proliferation of the mucosa occur, it is important to immediately go to the doctor.
What can lead to education?
Hereditary factors provoke similar complications, as well as the presence of previously formed growths in the cervical canal, uterus and lumen of the cervical canal. In the presence of a hereditary predisposition to the disease, a polyp of this type can appear on any part of the organ.
Doctors classify medical abortions into the following types:
- instrumental (surgical) is curettage, after which vacuum aspiration is carried out (carried out in the period from 12 to 22 weeks of pregnancy and according to the doctor’s testimony);
- medication method (otherwise velvet) - the embryo is destroyed by means of special medicines for a period of 6 to 8 weeks.
Regardless of the method chosen, the gynecologist should carefully monitor the condition of the woman over the next two months. The placenta begins to form immediately after the conception of the baby, and stops its development by 14-15 weeks of pregnancy. As soon as this period comes, the active process of its aging will begin.
If the abortion was done at an older age, then the risk of attaching fragments of the placenta with blood secretions to the walls of the uterus increases. It is from this that polyps consist.
Polyp Causes
The main reasons for the appearance of a placental polyp after medabort include:
- inferior curettage or discharge of the placenta during an abortion with drugs;
- getting into the organ of infection;
- the accumulation of a large number of blood secretions in the uterine cavity;
- prolonged bleeding (they occur due to organ damage or problems with the production of hormones);
- poor qualifications of the specialist who performed the abortion (this also includes clandestine abortions carried out in countries with poorly developed medicine or in too religious).
Incomplete abortion (in other words, prolonged bleeding) is a situation of increased danger in which a woman needs immediate hospitalization in the clinic and instrumental cleaning of the uterine cavity.
During a velvet abortion in women with a deficiency of the hormone produced by the body, their uterine cavity cannot normally contract and get rid of the remains of the placenta.
Fragments of placental tissue grow into the layer of connective tissue, and then deepen into the vascular component, forming a formation that rises above the endometrial layer - this is the polyp.
Main symptoms
The main symptoms of a placental polyp after medabort include intense physiological bleeding. The placenta, which could not separate normally, strongly merges with the endometrium, which contains a large number of blood vessels and capillaries, which after birth naturally narrow.
The remains of the placenta begin to secrete components that affect the state of the hormonal background of the woman. Such a process does not allow the uterus to contract normally, which leads to a narrowing of the gaps between the vessels.
The most common signs of a placental polyp are:
- In the first 3-4 days, bleeding is not very profuse and does not bring discomfort. It occurs due to the production of the hormone oxytocin, which provokes vascular spasms that continue for some time after an abortion.
- After seven days, bleeding may suddenly stop, eventually forming a throat. When complications occur, the amount of blood released only increases. The remaining pieces of the placenta can not only tightly merge with the endometrium, but also activate the inflammatory process.
- Blood is stained red. Bleeding of this type is considered uterine, so they do not mix with secretions. To some extent dangerous to the life and health of women. If bleeding of this type does not stop, then it is important to urgently take some measures to stop them independently.
Additional signs of polyp formation
Together with bleeding, the patient after abortion often has iron deficiency anemia. In blood tests, the amount of hemoglobin decreases significantly in a short time, and the level of red blood cells decreases.
It should be noted that the norm of hemoglobin in the body of a woman who does not suffer from any pathologies is 120.0 g / l -140.0 g / l; and red blood cells - 3.9-4.0 * 10.2 / L.
Additional symptoms include:
- discharge from the placental polyp;
- unnatural blanching of the skin;
- severe tiredness;
- feeling unwell;
- pain in the head, dizziness;
- dry mouth
- fainting state.
If signs of malaise continue for a long time, then the patient will need to be immediately taken to the clinic for treatment to recover.
Other signs of a polyp
With placental polyps, after a miscarriage, other symptoms may also appear that are not always characteristic of such a lesion:
- pain in the lower abdomen of varying intensity;
- vaginal discharge of a strange consistency;
- fever, feeling hot;
- the appearance of an infectious process.
The patient feels the first signs of malaise a month after the abortion, as well as immediately after curettage or rejection of the fetal egg with medication. In such cases, blood continues to be released without stopping.
It is important to remember that you can save your health and life only if you see a doctor in a timely manner and start complex treatment.
How is the treatment carried out?
Treatment of a placental polyp after a medabort in most cases is carried out promptly, but there is a huge range of medical procedures that will help determine the clinical picture of the malaise and get rid of its main manifestations.
Despite the nature of the formed polyp, the oncological risks of its development are not excluded.
Over time, a polyp of this type can:
- change to a state of carcinoma;
- convert to plural;
- become the cause of complete or partial infertility in a woman.
Choosing the appropriate treatment method is possible only after a comprehensive study, including ultrasound, hysteroscopy and other procedures aimed at examining the uterus.
Non-surgical elimination
Treatment of a placental polyp after medabort without surgery can be carried out using drugs. Taking medication can be aimed at eliminating the symptoms or at restoring the organ itself. In symptomatic treatment, the specialist aims to eliminate all the consequences of polyps and to alleviate the patient's condition with bleeding and the spread of the focus of inflammation.
Drug therapy is most often prescribed in order to prepare a woman for surgery if she has some complications.
Medication
Doctors prescribe the following medications:
- iron-containing drugs - they help eliminate anemia (lack of blood);
- anti-inflammatory non-hormonal drugs - relieve pain;
- special antispasmodics - reduce spasms of the muscular muscles of the uterus;
- antibacterial - prevent or stop the focus of inflammation;
- vitamins, minerals - have a general strengthening effect, useful for the immune system.
In the presence of heavy bleeding, deep tamponade of the uterus and vagina can be prescribed with medication.
It should be noted that in medical practice, cases of self-elimination of the polyp after repeated pregnancy and independent childbirth are common.
When will wait tactics be effective?
The attending specialist may decide to adhere to waiting tactics in the event that the formed polyp:
- does not interfere with the patient's life and does not provoke unpleasant symptoms;
- does not lead to pain.
Polypous formations in the uterus are diagnosed in women quite often. But not all patients understand their dangers and for the most part linger on treatment. It is important to remember that untimely started treatment can be a direct threat to health and life.
Surgical intervention
Removal of the placental polyp after a medical abortion by surgery is the main and most common way to get rid of polyps located on any part of the organ. Removing the polyp is very important, because it is it that will significantly reduce the risk of transformation of the formation into a cancerous tumor.
The most common methods for removing polyps after a medical abortion include:
- curettage - the most common and proven surgical procedure to remove multiple formations;
- endoscopic polypectomy - removal of a minimally invasive character using a loop and subsequent cauterization of the polyp on a thin leg;
- electrocoagulation - cauterization of the body, the base of the polyp;
- moxibustion - a laser and liquid nitrogen are used.
Preventative measures
To prevent serious health effects and avoid long-term treatment, it is important to take basic preventive measures. After an abortion, you should carefully monitor the condition of the body, your health and vaginal discharge. Doctors should carefully monitor the patient's condition and make sure that the curettage was carried out correctly and that no piece of placenta remained in the uterus. A woman should undergo regular scheduled examinations and follow personal hygiene rules. Treatment of a placental polyp after a medabort, according to reviews, in most cases ends positively.
In addition, polyps in the uterine cavity can lead to infertility, chronic anemia as a result of constant blood flow, depressed state and poor functioning. To protect yourself and ensure reliable health, it is important to consult a doctor in a timely manner when any signs of malaise appear.