Diesel-powered vehicles are very picky about its quality. Bad fuel can cause pump breakdowns and nozzle blockages. Repairing these items is very expensive. To eliminate possible risks, a fuel filter is installed in the system. KamAZ Euro-2 is also equipped with it. The element absorbs all the existing blockage. Today we will consider how the fuel filter is arranged on a KamAZ car, as well as how to replace it.
Features
The process of cleaning diesel fuel is carried out in several stages. The first is pre-filtering in the tank itself. The second is crude fuel cleaning. And the final step is fine filtering.
The main difference between diesel engine filters and gasoline filters is the high efficiency of the former when protecting the combustion chamber from water penetration. By the way, on some trucks the
fuel filter is
heated. KamAZ is no exception. This element prevents the formation of paraffin deposits on the walls. As a result of temperature changes, especially in the autumn-winter period, diesel fuel freezes, while condensate is released. The heating and the filter itself do not allow water and paraffin to penetrate further along the mains into the combustion chamber. The smallest particles of these components can damage the nozzles and the pump.
Varieties
At the moment, diesel cars of the Kama Automobile Plant are equipped with two types of elements. This is a fine fuel filter (KamAZ-5411 is equipped with it, including) and a coarse one. How is each element arranged and working? Let's consider.
Rough cleaning
Which cars are equipped with a coarse fuel filter? KamAZ is equipped with them from the beginning of production. The first samples were on models 5320. This element consists of a metal case. To it, with the help of a flange and bolts, a settling glass with a drain neck is attached. A rubber gasket is also used for sealing. In the case there is a fuel distributor, a damper, as well as a mesh filter element. When the engine is running, the fuel enters the distributor through the lines through the nozzle. Further, the fuel enters the sump, where it is cleaned of large paraffin impurities and water.
After that, the fuel rises through the grid and, passing through the fuel outlet fitting, enters the pump.
On cars with the YaMZ-236 engine, this filter consists of a cover with a housing. Inside is a mesh metal frame with a cotton cord. The fuel enters the nozzle through the housing and, being cleaned of impurities, enters the low pressure pump. Also during this operation, fuel passes between the turns of the cord. If there is an air plug in the system, it is removed by unscrewing the filter. And the sludge is removed through a special neck located at the bottom of the body.
Fine cleaning
The purpose of this filter is to final clean the fuel before it enters the high pressure pump. The element is located above the rest in the system. Because of this, air accumulates in it. On KamAZ vehicles, the fine fuel filter provides for the presence of a jet valve. Through it, the air accumulated in the system can be vented.
How is the
fuel filter
KamAZ Cummins arranged? Its design involves the presence of two paper elements. They are made of special porous paper and arranged parallel to each other. The filter element is fixed in the housing on the rod and is tightened by means of a spring. This case is connected to the glass with a bolt and a sealing washer. To prevent leaks, rubber pads are provided. The plug for draining sludge is located in the rod of the element. By the way, the fuel filter automatically bleeds air on KamAZ vehicles if the pressure reaches 0.04 MPa. Airfuel will be returned to the tank.
How is the cleaning procedure? The principle of operation is as follows. The fuel priming pump pushes the fuel into the filter housing, where it goes into the glass. Passing through the pores of the paper elements, it is cleaned and then goes to the central core. Then it goes through the fittings to the high pressure pump, and then to the nozzles. This is how the KamAZ Cummins fuel filter works. It is believed that this design allows for the most complete cleaning of the fuel from dirt and deposits.
Resource
Reviews of motorists say that, depending on operating conditions, these elements must be changed after 7-12 thousand kilometers. As for the coarse filters, they can simply be purged with high air pressure and drained of sludge. The washed element is serviceable again. By the way, the price for a KamAZ fuel filter is from 900 to 1200 rubles (meaning fine cleaning). But with a long period of operation, it is nevertheless necessary to replace the element of rough cleaning. Below we will tell you how to do it yourself.
Replacement
When the resource of the element has come to an end, it is necessary to replace the fuel purification filter. To do this, you need a head for 12 and WD-40. Last soak the filter mounting bolts if they are rusted.
On KamAZ vehicles, the element is mounted on four bolts. Next, remove the lid and remove the coarse filter. As a rule, at its bottom there will be a residue of dirty fuel. We drain it using the drainage hole below. The glass itself must be thoroughly washed with solid particles, especially at the bottom. Next, you need to put a new filter and pour 100-200 milliliters of diesel fuel into the bottom.
If the mounting bolts are very rusty and are difficult to unscrew, replace them with new ones. In order to easily unscrew them in the future, treat the thread with “Lithol” or graphite grease. Also, when replacing, pay attention to the condition of the fittings and pipes. If they have cracks, they must be replaced.
How to change the fine filter
If you want to replace it, you need to close the gas tank tap. This is necessary in order not to spill fuel during the dismantling of the element. Next, thoroughly wash the outer surface of the accumulated dirt. Do not ignore this point, since when replacing there is a risk of contamination of the cavity of the elements, due to which dirt will clog on the nozzles. Having thoroughly cleaned the filter and its contacting elements from dust, we proceed to disassembly.
We prepare a small container. We unscrew the drain valve by 1.5-2 turns. After that, a small amount of fuel will pour out. Next, the bolts of the fine fuel filter are removed together with the sealing rubber and spring. The inside is thoroughly washed so that the dust does not penetrate further along the highways.
By the way, this can be done with a piece of rags dipped in the same diesel fuel. Next, we put in place a new element and assemble in the reverse order. As in the previous case, we inspect all the sealing and connecting elements. If they are cracked or stretched, they must be replaced with new ones.
How to determine wear?
Responses of KamAZ car owners say that the fuel filter blockage is easy to determine. As the vehicle gets dirty, traction will disappear. The car jerks at speed. Increased fuel consumption may also be observed.
Riding with a dirty element is highly discouraged. According to statistics, 40 percent of all diesel engine breakdowns are due to dirty filter elements. Remember that the reliability of the entire engine, including the high-pressure fuel pump, the cost of which starts at around $ 200, depends on the purity of these parts. Always keep new filters in reserve in order to change them in time if necessary, especially if the truck travels long distances.
Maintenance of the fuel system of the KamAZ car
The fuel filter at its junctions should not have any signs of leakage. Before leaving the park, all pipelines of the system are checked. In winter, it is necessary to add fuel to a full tank before parking (even for one night).
Otherwise, condensation will form on its walls, which will reduce the filtering capabilities of the element. From time to time, it is necessary to drain the sludge from the coarse and fine filter (at least once every 5 thousand kilometers).
This operation is performed on a warm engine. To do this, unscrew the drain plugs and substitute the tank for sludge. Drain it until clean fuel is poured. After that, screw the cork and pump the system so that air jams do not form. The latter can be vented through the top valve. Also, once every 2 years it is recommended to flush the fuel tank from sediment accumulated in it. And for more thorough processing, motorists put an additional element.
So, we found out what the fuel filters of coarse and fine cleaning are, installed on domestic cars KamAZ.