Russia in accordance with the Constitution of our Federation is a social state. What is meant by the sociality of the constitutional system? This means that the state takes care of its citizens who need support and care. Such citizens include pensioners and students (schoolchildren and students), children left without care, and incompetent citizens, and people with disabilities, and veterans and other categories. Our country provides for many different benefits, allowances, pensions, through which the state supports certain sections of the population.
We should also talk about labor guarantees, for example, about premiums to the basic salary. We are talking about district surcharges and such as the northern allowances, the Ural coefficient, the Far Eastern allowance and the like. What kind of surcharges are these and to whom are they due?
Allowances are assigned in accordance with labor law and other regulations. Their purpose is based on the fact that people working in special working conditions should receive additional remuneration for this. Surcharges can be established both at the federal and regional levels. But regional projects will not be financed from the federal budget. Therefore, initially, the subjects of the Federation count and lay them in the local budget for next year.
Northern allowances are provided directly by labor legislation, namely the Labor Code of our country. This is a federal law, and local authorities have no right to circumvent it. Northern allowances are provided for residents of the North, equivalent districts who are engaged in labor activities or who simply work in the area.
The government of the country sets the size and determines the payment procedure, in accordance with which the northern allowances are calculated. The procedure here is the same as in the case of district coefficients, also provided for by the Labor Code. The size of the allowance directly depends on the length of service in the region, the age of the employee and the region itself.
Northern allowances do not begin to be paid from the very first day in such areas. We need to work there for at least six months. In equivalent regions, it is generally required to gain experience of at least a year before the allowance begins to accrue. Therefore, the law also introduced a northern youth allowance. The bottom line is that young workers under the age of thirty who are in the northern region for more than a year receive an additional allowance. In fact, these are the same northern allowances, but they have an increased size.
The Far East bonus is another type of labor incentive in areas with special conditions. In the first working year, the specialist will not receive a Far Eastern allowance. There is a rule in accordance with which, in the first two years of operation, the Far Eastern allowance is equal to ten percent and plus another ten percent of the salary is added every year. But in the complex, such an allowance cannot exceed thirty percent of the salary. It turns out that after working for three years in the Far East, a person will receive thirty percent in excess of his basic salary. But in the future, the increase in premium will be completed, since its maximum limit of thirty percent has already been reached. Also, young people have an increased allowance depending on the area, if the age of the employee does not exceed thirty years.
The payment of district coefficients should not be the basis for refusing to pay allowances, whether it be northern or equivalent regions. According to the law, an employee of such areas must receive everything in a complex and one does not exclude the other, but, on the contrary, only supplements it. With such surcharges, the state stimulates the work of people in conditions different from normal normal working conditions.