Technical support for the construction of a wooden house is a prerequisite for extending its service life. One of the most serious problems that necessitate the repair of such buildings is biological damage. It can manifest itself in the form of rotting, the development of a fungus, and so on. Ultimately, the replacement of crowns in a wooden house is required, otherwise the process will develop and cover the entire supporting structure.
Determining the method of repair measures
The nature of the damage can be different depending on external factors, the time of destruction and the properties of the wood itself. As a rule, under unfavorable conditions, the structure of the crowns begins to shine, after which the development of mold, fungus, insects start, etc. The master localizes the damage with a defect, inspects the problem area and determines the method of replacing rotten crowns of a wooden house in accordance with the severity of destruction . Specialists conventionally share the following methods of restoring the design of log salary:
- Partial restoration. One crown (or part of it) is replaced if the lesion has not spread to other segments.
- Complete salary analysis with re-design. The method is used in cases where a comprehensive review of the masonry is required with the possible reconstruction of other elements of the house.
- Replacing logs with brickwork. This method is only involved in the partial restoration of several lower logs. Brick replaces bearing belts, but does not form a wall structure as such.
- Jacking method. The technology provides for the possibility of lifting the entire house with the repair of the foundation base.
There is also a professional approach to replacing the crowns of a wooden house. The cost of work in this case is an average of 1-2.5 thousand rubles. for 1 running meter. Specialists will use metal suspensions made specifically for the parameters of the target structure. Using special equipment, masonry of any complexity is repaired in a short period of time.
Partial crown restoration technology
A kind of spot repair, which justifies itself if there is a small lesion on one log. Work is carried out according to the following instructions:
- Inspection of logs. Chisel must be cleaned in the defect zone, determining the depth of damage.
- From the affected area, indentation is made on the sides of 50 cm. Next, grip nodes are installed that will allow for a partial replacement of the crowns of a wooden house. With your own hands, this problem can be solved by screwing wooden ties to a height of up to 3 logs. This is done both on the outside and on the inside.
- An electric jigsaw or chainsaw carefully removes the damaged area of wood.
- A cut is made at the sampling location. Installation is done using the tongue-and-groove technique using a previously prepared log section.
- The final fixation of the insert is performed by the pins.
Method of replacing crowns with brickwork
You can use this method when two conditions are met. First, a replacement should be planned for whole logs. Secondly, one of the replaced crowns should be the lowest - joining the foundation with the frame. Deleting segments is done by knocking out. Sledgehammer must be removed from the masonry all damaged logs. Supporting elements are installed on the formed place from the sides - short metal racks, masonry or similar substitutes.
Next, the foundation surface is cleared for future replacement of the lower rim of a wooden house. With your own hands, you can perform waterproofing by laying a roofing material or a rigid film hydrobarrier. Then, from the central part in an empty place, bricklaying on cement mortar is performed. As the gaps are filled, the side supports are removed. Seams and joints are filled with the same solution, and after it hardens, it will not be superfluous to use a sealant to eliminate small gaps.
Preparing the house for jacking
If you plan a comprehensive replacement of the crowns, then you can not do without the use of a jack. The complexity of its use lies in the fact that the design of the house will be skewed in the process of performing work. Therefore, special training is required:
- All furniture, appliances, household utensils and other things with materials are taken out.
- The openings are freed from frames, sashes, windows and doors.
- If you plan to replace the crowns in a wooden house with a floor system from the lag integrated into the frame, then it should be disconnected from the walls.
- Ovens, fireplaces and other structures connected with the foundation are disconnected from the construction of the house.
Rules for installing jacks
First you need to calculate and mark the installation points of the jacks. Under them is the cutting of crowns in accordance with the size of the tool. Undermining is sometimes done to install jacks, but even in these cases a rigid support bearing of a concrete block or a metal shield is provided. At a minimum, replacing crowns in a wooden house will require the use of 4 jacks. Accordingly, they are placed on the corner nodes of the convergence of the crowns from opposite sides. But it is very important to maintain a technological distance of 1 m from the location of the tool to the immediate corner of the house.
Crown Replacement Technique
The process of replacing logs using jacks is as follows:
- Together with the upper crown, the jacks gradually lower down. The dressing log is removed.
- To update the upper segments of the lower crown, two logs are removed. To ensure the convergence of wood elements, new wood should initially be carefully processed and sawed strictly according to the size of the insert.
- The upper segment is laid on the jacks, and its upper part is caulked. Processing operations are also carried out in the process of replacing the lower crowns. Repair of a wooden house with caulking and impregnation on the adjacent surfaces of the crowns will not be possible after the installation of new elements.
- The jacks are lifted to the stop - the new segment should lie tightly on the upper reciprocal log in the crown system.
- The jacks are lifted together with the entire structure, after which the previously installed supports are removed.
- If necessary, the foundation that is opened from the upper side is repaired.
Features of replacing crowns in a frame house
In general terms, the replacement technology corresponds to the repair of a conventional log house, but there are differences. First of all, a special approach to handling the jack is required. Before lifting, both the lower crown and window openings are strengthened with the help of racks. The jack itself is installed in a special recess at the foundation level. As a rule, repair of a wooden house with the replacement of crowns in a frame structure involves updating the lower tier. This is a supporting beam, which performs a bearing function. So that it can be replaced without damaging the house, the wall cladding is initially removed.
General tips for the process
Experts recommend that you adhere to the following recommendations:
- At the first inspection, a comprehensive examination of the house should be performed with the fixation of the slightest signs of biological damage. Small foci can be treated with special protective agents without installation operations.
- Work should not be carried out in bad weather, in winter and during periods of leashes.
- Particular attention is paid to the selection of new mortgage segments. It is advisable that the crowns in a wooden house should be replaced with larch logs. This material, with proper care with treatments, can last up to 50 years.
- It is important to observe safety precautions without placing arms and legs under the raised structure.
Conclusion
Repairing the construction of a log house or frame house is a responsible event that requires special skills. Knowing the intricacies of the repair process, a small-scale reconstruction can be performed independently. However, large-scale events require the participation of professionals. As already mentioned, the cost of replacing the lower crowns of a wooden house is 1-2.5 thousand rubles. per running meter. This figure can be increased if additional services are also ordered, which are also not worth saving. For example, professional caulking with sealing and stripping of crowns can extend the operational life of logs by several years. Another thing is that such operations will periodically need to be performed regardless of the repair of damaged crowns.