Any society, being an integral dynamic system, should be united around a number of generally accepted common values - political aspirations, historical memory, and so on.
The main spheres of life of social organisms
As a rule, there are four of them: the economic
sphere of society, spiritual, political and social. We will dwell on the first in more detail.
The economic sphere of society
Let us refer to the opinion of most historical and social schools. According to them, it is the economic sphere of society that is the most important in this list. Indeed, it is the development of productive forces that largely determines the other relationships among people: hierarchy, political structure, and so on. The economic sphere of society is a combination of social relations in the production sphere, exchange, distribution and final consumption of material resources and goods. Forms of organization in any kind of economic activity are economic systems. The latter may vary depending on the types of ownership, means of production, ways of coordinating this economic activity, the level of technical development, or the nature of economic relations.
The main stages of the sphere
And since the basis for economic and economic relations, as well as the main factor that determines their specificity, is production and distribution
wealth, then in this process distinguish the following main stages.
- Production is the process of creating specific material goods. The basis for production is human labor, as well as the degree of technical development and ability of people at each particular historical stage.
- Distribution is the next step, since each product produced must be shared among all members of the company. Both direct producers and the state are involved in this process.
- Exchange is the process of converting money into goods and goods into money. In essence, exchange and commodity-money relations are a means of regulating the saturation and provision with material goods of all participants in economic relations.
- And, in fact, the final stage of the life of a product when it is used for its intended purpose, satisfying the material needs of people.
Thus, this area is directly related to the most basic human needs, much more fundamental than culture or the state. The economic sphere of society is characterized by three critical issues:
1. What needs to be made?
2. How to do it?
3. Who is it for?
Depending on the way to resolve these issues, which, in essence, raise the problem of the most efficient use of limited resources, society takes on one form or another: feudal, commodity-capitalist, primitive, and perhaps slaveholding. Thus, the economic sphere of society is a test that determines its form and degree of development.