Legal science in the system of social sciences occupies a special place. The right in terms of everyday life can be considered ordinary affairs, which involve the coordination of various interests.
Features
The system of legal sciences includes laws, government decrees, court decisions, lawyer documents, the activities of investigators, notaries, judges, legislators.
Law has been studied since antiquity, and is currently used to solve practical problems. The theory of law in the system of legal sciences is studied in specialized colleges, universities, and other educational institutions. This allows us to explain the meaning of laws, the options for their application in specific situations to future lawyers, judges, prosecutors.
The importance of jurisprudence
It is considered a social worldview and theoretical science. Legal science in the system of humanitarian disciplines is aimed at implementing the rule of law, increasing the efficiency of their use. It is she who explains the basic laws of the development of law and the state, their functions, value, social significance.
Structure
Currently, the system of legal sciences includes several industries at once:
- a science that studies constitutional law;
- section related to administrative law;
- civil law science.
The facts of the emergence and improvement of law and the state are considered in the framework of the course “History of the State and Law”.
Jurisprudence is not only a worldview, theoretical, but also an applied science.
Numerous rights in the system of legal sciences occupy a separate place and are an important aspect of the activities of lawyers, prosecutors, and other representatives of this complex system.
Of particular importance at present is the analysis of the problems of the formation of the rule of law, ways to strengthen discipline, modernize the state, and change the functioning of law enforcement organizations.
The modern system of legal sciences is aimed at identifying the main causes of the growth of crime, various offenses, the search for effective measures to reduce their number.
Principles and axioms of law
Jurisprudence studies legal truths that do not need evidence. Many ideas, provisions, axioms were created in ancient times, but they have not lost their relevance at the present time.
The state and law are considered complex social phenomena, they include many subsystems and additional components. Their functions are so multifaceted and complex that they require serious study and analysis.
Terminology features
The concept and system of legal science have an interesting history. In Russia, all problems associated with jurisprudence are considered in the framework of three groups of disciplines:
- juridical sciences of historical and theoretical profile;
- branch legal disciplines;
- special courses.
It is the task of legal science to include activities aimed at developing certain knowledge regarding law and the state.
Lawyers are considered to be those specialists who are preparing for the practical use of such information, and the field of knowledge itself is considered jurisprudence.
Forensics Features
In the practical work of modern forensic experts, a special classification of blood traces, which was proposed by L.V. Stanislavsky, has become widespread. He argued that first you need to study in detail all the elements of the tracks, only after that proceed to the assessment of their combination. It is forensics in the system of legal sciences that occupies a separate place, allows you to establish the involvement of certain people in crimes: murders, property damage, theft of personal belongings.
Features of the activity
The system of legal sciences performs certain functions. The analytical role is to study the adopted legislation, periodically interpret and review it. For example, a lawyer finds out the meaning of a specific law, carefully examines its content. In real practice, the legislator’s plans often differ from the actual implementation of the law. The task of jurisprudence is to study the practice of using the law, the effectiveness of its impact on relations in society, checking the implementation of the purpose of the law.
To do this, a variety of sociological surveys are conducted, the attitude of society to legislative initiatives is evaluated.
The constructive function determines the place of state theory in the system of legal sciences. The results obtained by legal scholars allow reforming the law and amending existing laws.
Department of Law
There is a division into parts. Currently, it is customary to highlight constitutional (state) law, civil law, administrative law. Depending on the needs of jurisprudence, there is a theoretical basis for this science, in which there are also many branches.
For example, they highlight the history of domestic jurisprudence, international industries.
Law is engaged in the study of a whole complex of legal sciences, which are called jurisprudence.
A special place in jurisprudence belongs to the theory of law. This science is considered conceptual, theoretical. It is aimed at studying the essence and content of law, its structure, constituent elements, features of action, as well as the consideration of general issues of law.
Based on the theory of law, certain parts of the legislation function: criminal, civil, procedural, labor law.
Law Group
This system is divided into three major groups: industry, theoretical and historical, special. Let us consider in more detail each of these groups.
Historical and theoretical sciences consider the theory of the state and rights, the history of the state, law, etc.
Branch legal sciences consider financial, administrative, criminal, labor law.
As a special legal science, experts consider forensic medicine, forensic science, forensic accounting, psychology.
A full range of legal sciences involves an additional selection:
- commercial law, arbitration process;
- family, private international law ;
- agricultural, land, forestry, water, environmental, mountain law;
- prosecutorial supervision, judicial system, legal profession.
There are other classification options that are associated with the subjectivity of the opinions of individual authors. For example, someone in the historical and legal cycle includes Muslim and Roman law or separates family and civil law from the civil law type .
Due to the significant deterioration of the environmental situation on our planet, a separate section has appeared in jurisprudence - environmental law. Lawyers specializing in this field control the implementation of environmental legislation by large enterprises and chemical plants.
The transition of the economies of many countries to market relations has become the reason for the training of lawyers in tax, commercial and exchange law.
Currently, there is a significant complication of legal relations, there is a need to assess the legitimacy of registration of collateral, mortgages, privatization of residential and commercial real estate.
Finally
Currently, the scope of civil law has expanded significantly, the number of individual freedoms and human rights has increased. This leads to an increase in the number of citizens who seek the advice and help of practicing lawyers.
Sectoral and special disciplines of jurisprudence conduct certain studies in a specific area, sphere of legal or state activity. The theory of state and law analyzes the general specific laws of the formation of the state and law.
It acts as an original reservoir where certain legal disciplines of a general or combined type are “immersed”.
For example, in Soviet times, political, philosophical, sociological aspects were integrated into one science - the theory of state and law. Currently, several separate legal disciplines have emerged from this legal field: philosophy, law encyclopedia.
Branch legal sciences have an applied character, they apply the basic laws identified by the theory of state and law.
There are certain differences between the theory of the state and law from other legal sciences. She considers in complex legal and state phenomena, and the remaining legal sciences have a narrow specialization.
For example, criminal law specializes in the criminal law protection of public relations. The subject of industry research is executive and administrative activities, customs, the arbitration process, the tax system, and environmental management.
The theory of state and law is characterized by a comprehensive, combined approach to the consideration of legal and state processes and phenomena.
All legal features of law, which are taken in the aggregate and interaction among themselves, are considered its subject.
It is she who is engaged in the development of general legal categories that are universal in nature, then all other legal sciences use them. It is the theory of law that creates the basic legal worldview, analyzes the general, global features of the emergence and development of legal relationships within the state.