With the advent of cars that comply with the Euro 3 environmental standard, car designers were faced with the task of creating a device that delays hydrocarbon vapors in order to prevent their entry into the atmosphere. So in the
fuel system of many cars, including domestic ones, an adsorber began to appear. What is it and how does this part work? You will find answers to all these questions in our article.
Where it is located?
Such a part as an adsorber is a small black jar a few centimeters high. It is installed on almost all vehicles under the air intake on the right side of the engine compartment.
Adsorption characteristic
What is an adsorber for? In general, adsorption is the process of absorption of gases by means of liquid or solid bodies. In our case, the main element that “absorbs” vapors in the fuel system is coal. It fills part of this device.
Adsorber - what is it? Visual characteristic
The word "adsorber" in translation from English means "amortize", "absorb". By design, this part is an energy-absorbing plate. Externally, you can not immediately determine that the bumper is not seamless - inside it there is a special filler made of polymer materials.
This part of the device (bumper) is considered the main one and converts mechanical energy into heat, which is then dissipated in the external environment. The plate, which is located in the adsorber, has great responsibility, so many manufacturers have such stringent requirements for its technical characteristics and the properties of the entire device as a whole.
The main material used in the manufacture of this element is cellular plastic or
expanded polystyrene foam. Recently, manufacturers began to use more glass beads. The quality of the material itself is also strictly controlled, since the health of many people depends on it. For this reason, the adsorber (photo of this device you can see below) is equipped with only high-quality bumpers.
But not only on this depends on the safety and health of people. In order for the adsorber to perform its functions efficiently in a VAZ Kalina car, the risk of damage to the rear bumper should be reduced to zero. This part is a power element, and it is she who “holds the blow”, which can provoke mechanical damage. And if the device is broken or broken, it is no longer possible to allow it to operate. This is because with every impact the adsorber (including the 2110th WHA ') loses its ability to absorb emissions.
Adsorber - what is it? About design
This part consists of several structural elements:
- Front steam pipe.
- A few hoses.
- Purge valve.
- Vapor separator and fuel drain pipes.
- Gravity valve.
- Tube adsorber and purge valve.
- Adsorber.
Principle of operation
The adsorber action algorithm is as follows. The vapors of fuel (gasoline) that form in the tank, by their properties, rise up and, due to the absence of any capacity at the neck, first enter the separator. This is where the condensation process takes place. That is, the vapors again turn into liquid and merge back into the tank. The part that did not have time to transform from a gaseous substance into a liquid enters the adsorber itself. Here, the system absorbs these surpluses with activated carbon.
It should be noted that this process occurs only when the engine is off. Otherwise, the system will open the canister purge solenoid valve, purging. In this case, all the vapors of gasoline that formed in the tank and did not have time to go into a liquid state are blown through the inlet pipe of the internal combustion engine and burned.
Thanks to this principle of operation, several advantages of using an adsorber can be noted at once:
- The atmosphere is not polluted by harmful fumes.
- The car will absorb less fuel (albeit less than 1 percent, but the fact remains that without the burned gas vapors, the engine would consume more fuel).
Symptoms of Adsorptive Failure
The property of clogging and deterioration is inherent in such a detail as an adsorber. Failures of this device can occur not only due to a breakdown that arose as a result of mechanical damage, but also due to the natural wear (contamination) of the absorbing element. A symptom of this part may be overpressure in the tank. This is due to the accumulation of a large number of vapors, which have nowhere to escape from the system. Checking the car for the presence of these formations is quite simple - you just need to open the gas tank cover and listen to it. If you heard a characteristic hiss, it means that a lot of harmful vapor has accumulated in the tank.
You can find out the malfunction in another way. For example, after warming the engine to a temperature of more than 60 degrees Celsius, the idle speed of the car begins to drop significantly. In motion, the machine may suddenly stall for no apparent reason.
If similar symptoms are observed with your car, be sure to check the adsorber. You can do this - disconnect the hose that goes from the valve to the manifold and plug it for a few days. If the symptoms have not disappeared, and the car still gives out "twists" with turns, then most likely the adsorber is clogged.
Of course, with a clogged device, the car will drive, as before, but it will have a "floating" idle speed. However, it is worth noting that if this problem is not eliminated in time or at least if the formation data is not periodically released from the tank, then at the gas station the tank cap will simply “shoot” out of the neck, and perhaps it won’t even open. And where she gets, no one can predict. In any case, each time approaching the lid, it is simply unreasonable to fear for its unauthorized “shot” - it is easiest to change this part to a new one, especially since it costs not so much.
How can I replace the adsorber?
You can change this part in the service center or on your own. But since the scope of work here is not too large and complicated (in total, you will spend 15-20 minutes replacing the adsorber), it is quite possible to install this device with your own hands. Below we will tell you in more detail how to replace this item at home.
Cooking Tools
To begin with, we need to prepare a new adsorber, about 100 centimeters of a rubber hose for it, several clamps, engravers and bolts. It should be noted that the hose must be oil and gasoline resistant and equipped with such a detail as an adsorber purge valve.
Getting to work
Let's start by dismantling the part.
First you need to free it from the fasteners, then disconnect from it a hose that feeds gasoline vapor to the throttle, and wires with a block. Then the purge valve is dismantled. The fuel outlet hose from the separator is also disconnected. Unscrew and remove the bracket. It is not difficult to do this, since it is mounted on only three bolts.
Installation
At this stage, the adsorber has been successfully dismantled. Now you are ready to install the new device. The longest length of the rubber hose is attached to the tube supplying fuel vapor to the purge channel. The part of the hose that is smaller is connected to the intake pipe from the separator. After that, we attach it to the mounts. Now we connect the vapor supply hose to the purge channel. The latter is mounted on the motor cover. A block with wires is also connected here. A long hose must be installed between the purge valve and the adsorber. Recall that all rubber tubes must be resistant to engine oil and gasoline. The old hose with check valve tube is removed. A short piece of the part is installed in its place. Everything, at this stage, the adsorber is successfully installed. As you can see, the installation of this device can be done without the help of specialists.
Finally, we note that many car owners install adsorbers from a younger model, the Priora, on VAZs of the tenth family.
DIY valve diagnostics
If you need to replace only the adsorber valve, then all the more you do not make sense to go to the service station. Unlike installation, this work will require you a few minutes of time and just one Phillips screwdriver. Find such a device is not difficult, and it costs only 500-600 rubles. Well, a Phillips screwdriver is found in everyone in the house. Along with the valve, the adsorber sensor can also be changed, since it directly controls the first part. However, this should be done only when the sensor emits extraneous sounds in the form of crackles.
First, we diagnose the valve for serviceability. To test this part, we need a multimeter and several pieces of wire.
First, release the latch and remove the wiring harness block from the purge valve. Next, connect the negative probe of the voltmeter to the "mass". Turning the ignition on, measure the voltage at terminal “A” of the wire block.
The result should be at least 12 volts. If there is no voltage, or it is less than normal, most likely you have a discharged battery or a faulty computer.
Using a Phillips screwdriver, loosen the pipe clamp to the valve. We take out a hose from a branch pipe. Prying off with a screwdriver, remove the valve from the adsorber. We supply 12 V from the battery to the terminals (plus to terminal “A”, minus to “B”).
If the valve after that did not open with a distinctive click, the device must be replaced. By the way, if there is no o-ring on the new element, it can be borrowed from the old part. However, this is permissible only under the condition that the ring has no mechanical damage and microcracks. Otherwise, the sealing part must also be replaced.
How to change the valve?
So, let's get to work. First you need to disconnect the car, that is, remove the negative terminal from the battery. Next, disconnect the plug from the KPA.
To do this, to get to this detail, we slightly release the clamp on the inlet pipe. Having removed it from the mass air flow sensor, we set aside. Now, in order not to remove the DMRV itself, we slightly bend the valve mount for its easy dismantling. The retraction of the mount is approximately 1 centimeter.
After that, you need to pull it up along the grooves. So this part is removed very simply. But on this, the adsorber valve has not yet been dismantled. Next, we will need to disconnect several inlet fittings on each side. One of them is extracted quite simply, and the second can cause problems. The fact is that the inlet fitting is fixed with a special latch. To remove it, you need to drown the latch and pry off the plastic antennae (while the fitting rises slightly upwards).
At this stage, the adsorber valve has been dismantled successfully. Installing a new one is carried out in the reverse order.
Conclusion
Adsorber - what is this device? In this article, you have found out how important this element is for the car, as well as what structural elements it consists of. The adsorber is designed in such a way that it directly binds to the catalyst. And while the car warms up, it collects gasoline vapors in the fuel tank so that they do not enter the exhaust manifold (the penetration of fumes into the cold catalyst of the car is undesirable). And if you are wondering if an automobile needs an adsorber or not, we will answer you the following: if you don’t have a catalyst, then without this device you can safely continue the course (provided that you don’t think about the ecology and environmental standards of technical inspection).
So, we found out why the VAZ adsorber is needed, and how to replace it. Remember that this part is of great importance for cars with the environmental standard "Euro 3" and more. In the absence of this element, the concentration of harmful fumes will be significantly increased, respectively, the car will reduce its level of environmental friendliness from "Euro 3" to "Euro 1" or 2.