At the end of construction, it is impossible to verify part of the work performed. How correctly installed reinforcement in concrete walls? What is the thickness of the gravel under the asphalt? And so on. Therefore, to confirm compliance with construction standards, acts of covert work are drawn up.
Why draw up an act?
The finished construction project is a complete set of measures for the creation of real estate. The owner receives ready-made walls in which all kinds of communications are laid, or Avtodor takes on balance a new track, already ready for operation ...
To make sure that the communications in the walls are properly insulated, a sufficient amount of reinforcement is installed in the concrete walls , and the layer of coarse gravel in the roadway is wide enough, it is impossible. That is, in all cases, it is almost impossible to verify compliance with building codes. Only by destroying part of the building (or by opening a piece of the road). But this is not an option, of course.
Therefore, to confirm the quality of construction as production proceeds, acts of covert work are drawn up. They record all the details of the work, and sometimes they are supplemented by photographs.
Hidden work - what is it?
As already noted, hidden works are those that during construction are hidden under the following structures or completed works. That is, the accuracy of the installation and the quality of execution in the future will be impossible to determine. The main hidden works include:
- earthen;
- foundation construction;
- works that precede the final finish;
- fastening of structures laid in walls, etc.
The quality with which the hidden work was performed significantly affects the safety of using the constructed facility. Therefore, such work should be carried out strictly observing the norms and requirements prescribed by the relevant SNiPs. Each such work is necessarily certified by the act of performing hidden work.
There is no complete list of hidden works, so for each object it is compiled at the stage of preparation of project documentation. The act of hidden work on the finishing work is rarely drawn up when it comes to the exterior decoration of the building. And, on the contrary, if the team makes repairs in the apartment, then everything should be monitored: the presence of a primer, and the isolation of communications, and the sound insulation of walls, etc.
Who should draw up the acts?
Unfortunately, not all builders strictly comply with the requirements of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation. But in clause 6 of article 52, the obligation to supply executive documentation to the person who carries out the construction is established. In SNiP "SP 48.13330.2011. Set of rules. Organization of construction. The updated version of SNiP 12-01-2004 ”also stipulates that the contractor or general contractor must fill out forms of executive documentation (paragraph 4.6).
In some cases, the builder is the developer (Clause 3 of the Town Planning Code). In this situation, the obligation to maintain executive documentation rests with him.
Documentation Procedure
By and large, there are no clear requirements regarding the order of conduct, and especially the composition of the executive documentation . However, the basic requirements and recommendations are contained in the order of Rostekhnadzor No. 1128 (approved on December 26, 2006). P. 6.13 SP 48.13330.2011 of this document calls the certificate of examination of hidden works one of the most important elements of executive documentation.
Officially, the act of hidden work is a documentary confirmation of the correctness of the work that is hidden by subsequent processes. The certificate is certified by the representatives of the contractor performing the specific work, the customer, and field supervision engineers. Only after signing the act by all parties can subsequent work be carried out.
Accounting Acts
Since during the construction acts of hidden works are filled in a large number, their records are kept in a special journal - form KS-6 “General Journal of Works”. The second section provides a list of acts of intermediate acceptance of hidden works. The journal form is unified and approved by the State Statistics Committee of Russia.
According to the newer edition of the magazine, the list of acts of hidden work is recorded in the sixth section.
Procedure
During the execution of construction work, the contractor must inform the customer and representatives of the architectural supervision service about the readiness of the structures (work performed, the quality of which cannot be evaluated in the future). The notice periods are set by agreement of interested parties, but no later than three business days.
The assembled commission records the fact that the next stage of work has been completed. At the same time, if deficiencies or violations are identified, the performer is allocated a time determined by technological processes to eliminate them. And until all errors are corrected, the contractor cannot continue the construction of the facility. The customer has the right to demand once again to draw up acts of covert work (after eliminating the identified deficiencies).
Documenting
As already noted, there is no rigidly established structure of acts of inspection of works. Nevertheless, the requirements of Rostekhnadzor provide a form of an act of hidden work, which is recommended for enterprises of all forms of ownership. If necessary, it can be supplemented with essential information.
So, the contractor notifies interested parties of the need to draw up an act of hidden work. A commission is convened that monitors the correctness of the process and signs the act. In the future, in case of contentious issues, the place of the alleged defect is not opened, but is confirmed by the original act of hidden work.
By the way, acts of hidden work are signed in at least two copies - one remains with the contractor, the second is transferred to the customer. If the customer does not have an act, he has the right to demand the opening of a “dubious” site for the purpose of quality control.
Form of Act
When it becomes necessary to draw up acts of covert work, forms can be prepared in advance. The heading of the document indicates the name and physical address of the construction object; information about the organizations involved in the construction - from designers to direct contractors. It is necessary to indicate the date of drawing up the act and list the members of the commission. In addition, you should indicate what materials the work was carried out, and enter the numbers of quality certificates. Then, the following moments are recorded in the content:
- a list of work performed, the quality control of which is confirmed by this act;
- information on project documentation, on the basis of which the work was carried out (with an exact indication of the drawings and sections of the explanatory note);
- the results of examinations, measurements, etc., which confirm the quality of the work performed;
- conclusions on the compliance of the work with norms and rules.
The conclusions must be given permission to carry out further work, or indicate the violations identified. If changes were made to the design documentation during construction, then this should also be reflected in the act (indicating dates and approvals). Members of the commission must sign a fully completed act of hidden work. The sample can be viewed in the figure.
Responsibility for violation
Actually, as elsewhere in life, "ignorance of the rules does not exempt from liability." This is indeed so, because the consequences of violation of building codes may not appear immediately, but say, after a few years (the wall is skewed or the insulation of the wiring is broken). The act of covert work in construction, among other things, confirms the safety of the constructed facility.
So, why should a negligent builder be afraid? Violation of the rules for maintaining executive documentation, in particular, the absence of acts of examination of hidden works, is regarded as a violation of the norms of the Urban Planning Complex of the Russian Federation.
Responsibility for violation of mandatory requirements is manifested in the form of a warning (in case of timely detection and elimination of violations) or a fine. In general cases, a construction company can be fined 100-300 thousand rubles; officials who missed violations are fined 20-30 thousand rubles.
The exceptions are situations in which the identified violations pose a real threat to the safe operation of the property (it does not matter, newly created or restored). If such violations have also harmed a person’s health (life), the amount of fines varies somewhat: the organization may be punished in the form of 300-600 thousand rubles, and officials - 30-35 thousand rubles.
It's no secret that modern builders sometimes prefer to pay a fine rather than fix imperfections. So, if during the year violations are repeated, the company will be fined already 700 thousand-1 million rubles, and officials - 35-45 thousand. In addition, the activities of the company may be suspended for up to 90 calendar days.