Special fire trucks are constantly being improved today, this helps to increase the efficiency of various tasks. There are many models designed to extinguish fires, it is worth understanding the most common of them.
Quick response vehicles
The main purpose of such machines is to ensure the delivery of people, rescue and technical equipment to the scene. They are indispensable in the implementation of rescue operations and the elimination of fires in residential buildings. Special fire trucks used in temperate climates with a temperature range from -35 to +45 degrees. Their main components are the following:
- electrical equipment for work;
- fire fighting equipment;
- body part;
- chassis;
- tanks for foam and water.
It is also worth noting equipment in the form of special sliding shelves on which the equipment is located. Fire extinguishing equipment and equipment for rescue operations are located in the body part and are fixed by reliable attachment points. On the roof of the transport there is an additional place for equipment.
Equipment, as a rule, consists of the following:
- overalls for firefighters;
- fire monitors;
- fire hoses and cranes;
- apparatus for breathing;
- hydraulic tools ;
- foam generation equipment;
- special pumps;
- respiratory protection;
- waterborne weapons.
Gas smoke protection machines
Special fire trucks of this type ensure the delivery of lighting equipment, specialized tools, power equipment, systems to ensure fire brigade protection to the emergency site. Equipment consists of several functional parts:
- retractable lighting mast equipped with spotlights;
- control system;
- electric power tools;
- fire brigade cabin and chassis;
- specialized instruments for working in force majeure conditions;
- electrical equipment.
The cabin with combat crew and the body in which the equipment is located are mounted on the chassis frame. Among the distinguishing features, it is worth noting the equipping of the equipment with an optical-acoustic view of the Southern Urals.
Fire truck with containers
It is used to equip fire brigades with mobile, multifunctional quick response systems. Special fire trucks are intended to eliminate fires in the oil, gas and chemical industries, in high-rise buildings, archives and museums. The complex is also suitable for rescue operations. Cars of this type are indispensable in emergency situations under conditions of low temperatures and during the elimination of protracted fires.
A special container ship is installed on the chassis, providing a high level of mobility, and a multi-lift, used for delivery, unloading and return movement to the base of the container of the required type.
Operation can be carried out at a temperature from +40 to -50 degrees. The package includes several standard containers with established dimensions and a set of fire fighting equipment.
Combined Extinguishing Vehicles
Fire rescue vehicles are required to perform the following tasks:
- fluid supply from a natural reservoir or existing reservoir;
- transportation of firefighters, technical equipment and means to eliminate fires;
- supply of special powder composition;
- supply of foam from a tank or tank mounted on the chassis.
An integral element is a specialized signaling installation. Transport is in the place of emergency until the complete elimination of the fire. Vacuum equipment provides filling the tanks with foam and water. The standard type of fire equipment is located on the roof of the car, in the built-in compartments and in the body itself. Most of the equipment is represented by tools for supplying extinguishing powder, mechanical foam and water.
Sleeve machines
Pump and hose fire trucks are primarily necessary for supplying a large volume of water, while vehicles can be located at a considerable distance from the ignition site. Among the main functions, it is also worth noting the formation of a special solution from foam concentrate and water in the established component ratio.
As materials for manufacturing, metals resistant to the development of rust are used. The equipment is represented by the following elements:
- an electronic foaming sensor placed on the pump;
- drain equipment with ball valve device;
- refueling line with check valve;
- overflow pipe, supplemented with a device to prevent the occurrence of pressure that does not meet the established level;
- longitudinal and transverse breakwaters.
Operation with foaming agents of any kind is possible. It is supplemented with elements ensuring the filling of the tank, its washing and heating, while replenishment can be made from a foaming electric pump or an external source. The surface of the container is covered with a heat-insulating composition, its thickness is up to 1 cm.
Tanker AC-40
The purpose of the transport is to deliver special equipment and personnel to the scene of the incident, as well as fire extinguishing equipment and their supply to the fire.
Tanks with a foaming agent and liquid are installed on the chassis. To eliminate the localization of fire, fire extinguishing agents are used both from water supply systems and from tanks and ponds. The body part is characterized by high anti-corrosion and strength characteristics, light weight due to the use of aluminum sheets. It is worth noting that the new AC-40 body is supplemented with folding steps, which simplify access to equipment located on the upper compartments.
Auto stairs
The staircase provides work on the upper floors of buildings, extinguishing fires with mechanical foam or water when supplemented in the form of foam generators and fire monitors, evacuating victims and valuables from high-rise buildings. Also, with folded knees, it is used to transport cargo by crane. Fire ladders are suitable for work in various climatic conditions. The standard operating temperature range is from +40 to -40 degrees. It is possible to work in an extended temperature range, subject to certain rules.
All components and mechanisms are installed on the support frame and platform, which are placed on the chassis. The hydraulic pump drive is powered by a chassis power unit.
Ladder platform
The platform has a box construction, continuous sheathing and is made of angular steel. The frame side members act as the basis for the metal frame. The platform consists of several parts - two side, rear and front. Additionally, a container for transporting removable equipment is placed. The steps are located on the sides of the structure, with the help of special doors access to the gas tank and batteries is provided.
The platform is equipped with a supporting front frame located behind the driver's cab. It is mounted in two places: on the frame and frame spars. The frame provides support for the front of the knees, their position is fixed using special guides. Vertical movement of the set of knees is prevented by spring latches located on the side guide elements. A locking hook is necessary to keep the knees from extending during the movement of the stairs, it is in contact with the supporting front frame. The knee is removed from the hook during removal from the frame, at this time the hook drops under its own weight.
Lifts
Fire cranked car lifts are necessary for high-altitude work in the process of eliminating fire. They are used not only for lifting personnel, but also for lighting with spotlights and for delivering goods. The design consists of the following parts:
- control system;
- a mechanism for turning and lifting;
- links of the lifting part;
- support base;
- chassis.
The lift can be controlled from the cab or from the outside of the vehicle using a remote control. The design has a comb in the upper part for the simultaneous supply of four trunks or a fire barrel of the form PLC-20. The cradle is equipped with thermal protection.
Fire -fighting telescopic car lifts are equipped with safety automatic mechanisms that stop movement when exceeding the permissible angle of lowering and lifting. Compared to automatic stairs, they are more manoeuvrable. Today, as a rule, Russian-made lifting devices with a height of 30 and 17 meters are used. The base hydraulic system is placed on the automobile chassis, it blocks the springs and includes the supports.