All of us have heard of labor migration when people from poor countries move to a more developed country for the purpose of earning. Such a process on a global scale was called "international labor migration." Since this process has been going on for over a hundred years, many economists, when calculating certain indicators of the GDP of a particular country, take into account the labor reserves of non-resident citizens.
In general, labor resources are an essential factor in the production process, which is characterized by high mobility and extreme flexibility. The fact is that people have always sought to find places where living will be more comfortable, and wages for the work done are more decent. That is why international labor migration mainly occurs in highly developed countries. A high standard of living and income (in comparison with other countries) provides these states with a constant influx of fresh workers.
It should be noted that in most cases, immigrants located in the territory of a foreign state work in low-paid sectors, as well as in the construction and service sectors. This is due to the fact that the citizens of a developed state in the vast majority receive higher education and try to get high positions in large corporations and firms. Thus, the lack of working hands is observed exclusively in dirty and harmful work, which mainly immigrants fall into.
International labor migration plays an important role in ensuring the overall production process of any country, therefore it will always exist. Our legislative framework allows citizens of the Russian Federation to leave the country in order to earn money abroad, and all this can be formalized. However, many of our compatriots leave to seek happiness abroad and unofficially, so today it is impossible to name the exact number of Russians working in other countries. According to unofficial data, today about 10 million of its citizens are working outside the territory of the Russian Federation.
However, the international labor migration also includes the movement of highly skilled workers, which include scientists, researchers, musicians, programmers, etc. In this regard, the brain drain process has been observed for the third decade, when the best specialists leave Russia forever, moving to live in USA, Canada and Western Europe. There is nothing good for the state, however, each person has the full right to independently decide where to live and work. For this reason, the international workforce is in constant motion.
For the most part, the market reacts quite quickly to a shortage of labor in a particular industry, which is immediately replenished if not by Russians, then by emigrants. Each of us saw at the domestic construction sites Tajiks and Uzbeks, who in Russia build houses of individual developers. In some respects, such migration may adversely affect the situation with local residents, who sometimes cannot find a job. However, on the other hand, the majority of foreign workers perform work that does not require high qualifications.
Reasons for international labor migration include the following aspects:
- low level of economic development of the country ;
- low social security of citizens;
- low salary;
- instability and instability of the political regime.
It should be noted that labor migration plays an important role in the distribution of labor resources around the world. Thanks to this, poorer segments of the population can afford to live a little better, while a richer society eagerly uses the services that immigrants provide.