For calculations and calculations in the agricultural industry, specialized vocabulary is used. Its significance can sometimes be inaccessible to a person who does not carry out activities in this sector and is in no way interested in them. Particularly difficult to understand are the definitions associated with calculating the volume of output. So, for example, the term "gross output" requires some explanation. It seems simple at first glance, but in fact hides the difficulties of calculation and determination.
Explanation of the concept of "gross"
By itself, this word is ubiquitous in economic science and practice. It appears in such an important macroeconomic indicator as GDP (gross domestic product), GNP and GRP - its national and regional varieties. The word itself can be explained as the totality of something, the total amount, mass, volume. This may be an action performed by a group, some of them. For example, the gross span of cranes, that is, a set of cranes. If you look at the list of synonyms for this concept, you can find the following words: massive, solid, general and others in the same spirit.
In economics, this term is used to mean income from the sale of goods and services, to characterize the general collection of products, for example, the collection of vegetables or fruits. The concept of income should not be confused with the concept of profit, since the key feature of income is the absence of any deductions from the total amount when making calculations. If the term gross is used in conjunction with the concept of collection, then most often a similar combination can be seen in the agricultural industry. In this case, the gross harvest is a characteristic, or rather a measure of the crop harvested at a time from the entire sown area.
Crops
Sometimes the term is used in abbreviation as an abbreviation of BCCC. This definition means the total volume of cultivated plants collected from the sown fields. Moreover, from crops, both main and intermediate. It can be a calculation both for individual crops (for example, potatoes, wheat, rye, etc.), and for whole groups of crops (fodder, grain, vegetable, fruit, etc.).
As for the calculations throughout the country, they are divided into two categories: the aggregate for all categories of agriculture and the separate for entities involved in growing crops. Individual subjects (farms, organizations) are ultimately calculated within the administrative regions of the territories and regions. As for the measurement values, mass units are used as them - from kilograms to tons.
Gross tax is a concept that can be expressed in different ways. It is also sometimes called the actual collection. Weighing is carried out both during the harvesting period, and after all the seeds sown were collected from the fields. For a rather long period of time, the actual collection was characterized by bunker weight. Its distinguishing feature is the weighing of the harvested crop along with weeds, uncleaned land, and unripe moisture. Until 1990, bunker weight was the main indicator of the crop. After it is replaced by a weight indicator, which excludes the presence of moisture, earth, dirt and other elements not directly related to the product. Then this amount is on average 10% less than the initial collection.
Harvest and gross harvest
In fact, this is one and the same concept, they are synonymous with each other. But only with some reservations. The fact is that in agriculture there are several types of crops. In addition to the actual above, which will be the gross yield, there are three more types of crops:
- Species. It, in contrast to the actual, represents the expected yield. Based on the data obtained in the analysis of the potential yield, the collection tactics are built in the future and management decisions are made. As the main method of extracting information about a possible future level of production, the use of metering or simply determining by eye is used. To determine the visa harvest, the condition of the seedlings, their density and appearance is also important.
- Harvest on the vine. In fact, this is the same as the species crop. That is, it is measured and calculated according to the same technique. The only and key difference is that the standing crop is an already grown but not yet received crop. Before the gross harvest, this is the previous step.
- Clean. This is the final harvesting step. After cleansing from any foreign objects, the fraction of seeds that is necessary for future crops is also subtracted from it. So, for example, if the bunker harvest of wheat amounted to 308 thousand tons, the net crop, taking into account the deduction of garbage, moisture and part of the seeds for further work, will be only 208 thousand tons.
Productivity
Productivity and gross harvest are interacting phenomena and complementary concepts. The first is an agricultural indicator, which indicates the average collection of cultivated plants from a certain unit of area. It can be calculated from 1 m 2 , from 1 hundredth or from 1 hectare.
For each type of crop, from species to clean, you can choose your own productivity indicators. They are calculated differently for one particular culture (individual) and for a group of cultures (medium). These individual and average indicators are extremely important in that they show the degree of efficient use of agricultural land.
How to calculate gross yield?
Calculating the actual crop is very simple. To do this, you only need to multiply the area of all crops from which the products are collected by the yield indicator. As part of the calculation of the gross yield, there is a difficulty in determining the numerical indicator of productivity. In this case, the average yield indicator described above is needed.
You can find it by the following formula of the arithmetic mean weighted value:
BC = S x U.
In it, the letter S is the area on which crops grow, and Y is an individual indicator of productivity.
General conclusion
What does gross collection mean in the framework of economic science? First of all, this is one of the fundamental concepts in agriculture. It denotes the total collection of products from the entire area of crops. Such concepts as “gross harvest” and “harvest” are synonymous with each other. Also in practice, they are often called the actual crop. Its distinguishing feature is the calculation of the total volume of collected products without deducting seeds for further sowing. If this deduction was made, then the actual crop flows into its “pure” variety. Calculating the gross yield is not difficult: you need to multiply the area under crops by the average yield.