Teeth are one of the most important human organs involved in the digestive system. Neglecting caring for them is fraught with serious health problems. Therefore, it is very important to know as much as possible about these bone formations. The topic of our review will be the name of the teeth.
The importance of teeth in the human body
The purpose of the teeth in the human body is to capture food, grind it and hold it during the food process. In addition, they play an important role in sound-forming processes, that is, they participate in the formation of speech. Do not forget about the aesthetic function.
In a person with diseased teeth, the process of primary processing of food does not fully function, which under certain conditions can cause various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, nerve damage is often accompanied by very strong pain, which does not contribute to a full and fruitful life. The oral cavity with diseased teeth serves as a carrier of infections throughout the body. Pathogens also enter the respiratory tract. In the end, it’s just unpleasant for many people to be in the company of people with bad teeth who have bad breath.
Therefore, caring for the oral cavity should be a daily activity for every person. To do this, at least twice a day you need to brush your teeth with a paste, as well as perform other mandatory hygiene procedures.
In this regard, an important role is played by the level of public awareness about the role of these bone formations, their structure and how to care for them. Now we find out the name of the teeth in humans.
Types of teeth
Without exception, all natural teeth in humans are divided into two types: milk and molar.
The first ones are temporary. Dairy is the name of a child’s teeth. They appear gradually after birth. In exceptional cases, the baby is already born with milk teeth. They are temporary and fall out after a certain period of development. Their name is due to the fact that they begin to appear at a time when the child eats his mother’s milk.
Indigenous is the name of a person’s teeth that replace milk. They are permanent and do not grow again after damage or loss. Therefore, it is necessary to remember the important role of the care process for this particular type of teeth, which does not independently resume.
Complete replacement of primary teeth by molars occurs even before the person comes of age. In addition, during this period, those that do not exist among dairy grow.
Types of teeth
In addition to species, human teeth are divided into types. This division is related to their structure and the functions they perform. In accordance with a specific type, the name of the teeth is formed - fangs, molars, premolars, incisors.
The function of the incisors includes grabbing food, fangs - tearing it, premolars - crushing, and molars - grinding.
Dental formula
Thus, we determined, according to the types and types, the name of the teeth. Their layout is called a dental formula. It is recorded as a alphanumeric expression, but can also be displayed in graphical form.
The dental formula of a mature person and a baby with milk teeth are different. This is quite natural. There are also significant differences between the dental formulas of representatives of various animal species.
The number of teeth is determined for each half of the jaw. In the vast majority of cases, each part of the jaw has the same set of teeth, unless, of course, they were not susceptible to mechanical damage or illness.
The dental formula of a mature healthy person is as follows:
I2 Ă· 2-C1 Ă· 1-P2 Ă· 2-M3 Ă· 3.
In this formula, letters denote specific types of teeth (I - incisors, C - fangs, P - premolar, M - molars). The denominator is the number of upper teeth, and the numerator is the lower teeth.
For comparison, we give the dental formula of an elephant. It will look like this:
I1 Ă· 0-C0 Ă· 0-P3 Ă· 3-M3 Ă· 3.
As you can see, this animal has one upper pair of incisors, and the lower one is completely absent. He has absolutely no fangs. But instead of them, the elephant has on each jaw one pair of premolars more than a human. But the number of molars they have is equal. No less differences from the human dental formula are the schemes of these organs of other animals.
Name of deciduous teeth in children
We begin this excursion with the name of milk teeth. In a child, two incisors, two lateral incisors, four molars, two canines appear successively on each jaw. In this regard, the name of children's teeth is no different from adults. The main difference between the formulas is the number of bone formations. The child has ten milk teeth on each jaw, a total of twenty. An adult has 32 of them. Only they are permanent. That, perhaps, is the whole difference. Everything else is the same (form, function, name of the teeth). The arrangement of children's cloves is below.
Terms of appearance of deciduous teeth
Now let's find out in what time frame specific types of primary teeth appear.
The lower central incisors appear in a child aged from six to seven months, the upper central incisors - from eight to nine months, the upper lateral incisors - from nine to eleven months, the lower lateral incisors - from eleven to thirteen months. Upper and lower first molars - from twelve to fifteen months; fangs - from eighteen to twenty months. The latter cut the second molars. Their appearance should be expected in the period from 2 to 3 years.
However, if some tooth erupted earlier or later than the aforementioned dates, this is not yet considered a deviation from the norm.
Terms of appearance of permanent teeth
Replacement of milk teeth also often starts with incisors. But sometimes even before this, the first molars grow, which are not among dairy ones. This event occurs in six to seven years. Then there is a gradual replacement of primary teeth with permanent ones. Each child has its own timing of this process, and there are no clear standards. At the very end, the second and third molars (or molars) are cut. If the second appear at eleven to thirteen years old, then the third molars erupt after sixteen. They are called wisdom teeth and can appear at almost any stage of human development after reaching a given age.
Permanent teeth layout
After we have studied the name of the teeth in a child, we turn to the consideration of the mentioned organs of an adult. Permanent teeth include four central incisors, four second incisors, four canines, eight premolars and eight molars. Only twenty eight teeth.
In addition, already in adulthood, one more molar can form - the wisdom teeth already mentioned. This name is due to the fact that they appear in most cases in a person after 18 years. That is, already when he gained a certain everyday experience. Often due to the fact that the growth of wisdom teeth causes purulent inflammation, they have to be removed. But nevertheless, dentists do not always resort to such a rather radical reception. In some cases, for a person, the growth of this “extreme” tooth passes almost imperceptibly. In other circumstances, treatment is prescribed.
Tooth anatomy
The tooth is divided into two main parts - the crown and the root.
Crown - this visible part is covered with enamel, which protects the bone formation from mechanical and other injuries. This is followed by a layer of dentin. It is the main part of the tooth responsible for its strength. Dentin is followed by a layer of cement covering the root of the tooth.
The function of the crown is the direct capture of food, its tearing, chewing and grinding, depending on the specific type of tooth.
The root is the part of the tooth that we do not see with the naked eye. It is located below the level of the gums. The name of the tooth roots corresponds to the name of the tooth itself. So you don’t need to specifically remember them. In the root are its constituent parts such as pulp, nerve fibers, arterial vessels, venous vessels, root cement, root canal, apical opening. Its main functions are the nutrition of the tooth through the circulatory system of the body, as well as its attachment to the jaw.
Root canals are the name of the canal of the teeth. It is through them that nutrients rise to the organ we are considering. Currently, eight types of root canals of teeth are identified, which are named according to their numbering.
The tooth itself, however, is part of a broader concept. Together with the wall of the alveoli, gum and periodontal, it makes up the dental organ.
Incisors
Having studied the names of teeth in dentistry and their structure, we dwell on specific types. Let's start with the incisors. It is with this type of teeth that the first food contact occurs. A man grabs food and rips it. With these functions of the incisors, their peculiar structure is associated. They have a chisel shape. Moreover, the width of the upper incisors is twice as large as the lower. They play a more active role in the process of primary chewing of food.
A man has two incisors on each jaw.
Fangs
After the incisors, food is transferred to work by the fangs. Their task is to break the food so that it can be easier to grind with other types of teeth.
The structure of the canines corresponds to the functions they perform. They have the sharpest shape among all human teeth. The main working part of the fangs are the cutting edges. The peculiarity is that the upper fangs are larger than their lower "colleagues."
This type of teeth is located one pair on each jaw of a person.
Premolars
Premolars are also called small molars. Their function includes crushing and pinching food. Unlike incisors and fangs, premolars have not one, but two roots. In each half of one jaw there are two small molars. The first of them bears some resemblance to a fang, and the second to a molar. Moreover, it is the first small molar that is slightly larger than the second. Like all other human teeth, premolars are larger than the lower ones.
Molars
Molars are otherwise called large molars. They are located further from the premolars to the edge of the jaw. The tasks of this type of teeth include the final grinding of food. This is the last stage of its mechanical processing on the way to the esophagus and stomach. In addition to a purely physical effect, the effect of saliva contributes to the softening of food. Thus, before getting into the esophagus, the food takes on the appearance of gruel.
The molars are larger than the premolars. They have a very pronounced cube shape. In addition, they have three roots. Upper large molars, as usual, larger than lower ones.
A feature of molars is that their number is not clearly distributed. It can vary from four to six on each jaw. This is due to the fact that at different stages of a person’s life, one molar can grow at the end of a row of teeth. As mentioned above, these formations are called wisdom teeth, and in some cases they must be removed.
It is on the molars that the dentition of a person ends.
Oral hygiene
Of course, compliance with the rules of oral hygiene is a very important factor for the normal functioning of the whole organism and its aesthetic appearance.
The procedure for daily brushing with toothpaste or gel should be mandatory, because not only their health, but also the well-being of the whole organism depends on it. First of all, caries, destroying enamel and the tooth itself, is dangerous. Periodontal disease, gingivitis, tartar and other diseases also pose a significant threat to the health of dental organs.
In addition, for preventive purposes, you need to visit the dentist once every six months.
Of course, it is not necessary to know the name of the teeth to perform the prophylaxis and care procedures, but for general educational purposes this information will not hurt, but, on the contrary, will contribute to further medical education of the population.
General results
In this review, we learned not only the name of the teeth, but also got acquainted with their structure and functions. This should significantly expand the understanding of the digestive process as a whole. In addition, emphasis was placed on the importance of maintaining oral hygiene for human health.
The complex of this information helps to expand the general horizons of people, and in particular, to understand the importance of dental health in the life of each person, as well as the need for careful care.