The gearbox is considered one of the most important components of a car design. This device is designed to transfer motor power to the drive wheels in the form of torque. In this case, the torque undergoes a transformation (decrease or increase), a change in direction, etc. In addition, the gearbox provides disconnection from the transmission of torque, the exception is the manual gearbox. In the "mechanics", the torque is switched off by means of a special unit - the clutch.
Switching is carried out using a special lever. If the gearbox is mechanical, then it is produced by the driver. When reverse gear is engaged, the driver reverses the direction of the torque. In this case, the third gear is connected.
Smooth shifting in forward gear is done by disengaging the clutch and gradually turning it on later. The remaining slight difference in torque is compensated by the synchronizer. To reverse, the driver must first stop. This transmission does not have a synchronizer. Violation of the switching order may cause the device to malfunction.
A semi-automatic gearbox differs from a mechanical one only in the absence of a clutch assembly. In this case, the driver, in the same way as on the "mechanics", carries out the inclusion of their own.
The automatic transmission is also not equipped with a clutch pedal. The inclusion is carried out in automatic mode.
Despite the fact that the "mechanics" is a somewhat outdated type, it is quite well established among motorists. This gearbox has a significant drawback - low efficiency. This is due to the friction of the gears and the resistance of the gear oil.
Automatic transmission is also quite popular and has been used in the automotive industry for quite some time. Switching is carried out automatically, however, the inclusion of speed for moving forward, as well as the inclusion of reverse gear is carried out by the driver.
Robotic gearbox is considered the most optimal option. It is created on the basis of "mechanics". The advantage of a robotic device is primarily increased efficiency. Through the use of two shafts, it was also possible to reduce the size and increase reliability. It should be said that this design has become quite popular among car owners.
Those motorists who prefer "mechanics", or categorically against the use of "automation", were able to choose a control mode. For this design, cars are equipped with a variator. However, this device has a drawback - there is no technical possibility to use it on heavy models of machines. However, the variator has a number of undoubted advantages. First of all, it is simplicity and the possibility of a smooth change in torque. In addition, the use of this device significantly increases the efficiency due to the fact that there are no pairs of gears, except for reverse gear.
The cam gearbox differs from the usual one by a small number of large teeth (five or seven) of the gearshift clutch and gear. The teeth have a direct shape for removing axial movements of the shafts. Switching is trouble-free and clear. This is especially important for sports cars. Switching is carried out according to the principle of the search and sequential mechanism.
Search switching functions the same as on standard boxes, but more clearly and without clutch release. In this case, to switch it is enough to weaken the gas. With the help of a sequential mechanism, it is carried out stepwise, as on motorcycles.