The power system of an injection engine or, simply put, injection is a fuel supply system that is used for engines running on gasoline and has advantages over a carburetor.
The injection engine makes the car easy to start regardless of any weather conditions. Such a system is able to correct itself during operation, flexibly shifting the cooking parameters of the air-fuel mixture, based on the readings of the sensors, the information from which is fed to the electronic control unit (ECU).
To date, the injection engine has almost completely eliminated the use of an outdated carburetor system. With its appearance, the dynamics of acceleration has significantly improved, the amount of harmful substances released into the atmosphere has decreased, the consumption of automobile fuel has decreased. It instantly responds even to minimal load changes.
Injection systems are classified by position and number of nozzles. Currently, the most popular one is the one with an injection engine device with distributed fuel injection, which provides an individual injector for each cylinder. All nozzles are connected to a ramp in which the fuel is under pressure. It creates an electric gas pump. The amount of fuel injected into the system depends on the opening time of the nozzle.
How long will it be open, regulates the computer (controller). The device of the injection engine is such that, based on the result of processing the readings from various sensors, the computer starts the injection engine. The mass air flow sensor is used to calculate the cylinder filling cycle. The volume of consumed air is measured, then the electronic control unit recalculates it into the cylinder filling cycles. Engine power is increased up to 10% due to improved filling of the cylinders, the optimal ignition timing, which corresponds to the operating engine mode. If the sensor breaks down, the calculation is carried out according to certain tables.
The throttle position sensor is used to calculate the load on the engine. In the event of a change in engine operation, cylinder filling cycles, the angle of rotation of the throttle valve changes.
The temperature sensor for the coolant is used to determine the correct fuel supply for temperature parameters and to control the electric fan. When it breaks down, the readings are not taken into account, the parameters, depending on how long the engine is running, are taken from the emergency table.
In order for the system to work in synchronization, to determine the engine speed, the position of the crankshaft at certain times, a polar sensor is used to determine the position of the crankshaft. If you turn it on incorrectly, the injection engine simply will not start. If this sensor breaks, the system will not work. It is very important, and if the car can go when other controllers break down, the car will not start without it.
In the injection system there is feedback - in the exhaust system, immediately in front of the catalyst, a sensor for the oxygen content in the exhaust gases of the car is installed (it is also called a lambda probe). The information that it issues is used by the system to adjust the required amount of fuel supplied to the injection system, accurately maintaining the necessary parameters of the working mixture, therefore, fuel consumption becomes more economical, while the level of toxicity of exhaust gases decreases.
Here are the basic sensors necessary for the operation of the injection system. The power system of the injection engine, depending on which engine is installed on your car, can be equipped with various controllers.