Ruslan Khasbulatov - a prominent domestic political figure, publicist, is a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He was the last leader of the Supreme Council in our country. First, he sided with Yeltsin, and then turned into his main opponent, provoking a constitutional crisis in October 1993.
Biography Politician
Ruslan Khasbulatov was born in Grozny in 1942. After the deportation, his family moved to Kazakhstan, where he lived almost until adulthood. In 1962, the hero of our article went to Moscow, where he entered Moscow State University, received a law degree, and in 1970 became a graduate of a graduate school at the economic faculty of the same university. In his youth, Ruslan Khasbulatov was an attractive and impressive person.
In 1970, he defended his Ph.D., and ten years later - a doctoral dissertation. Since 1978, Ruslan Khasbulatov has been a regular teacher at the Plekhanov University of Economics.
Restructuring
When perestroika begins in the country, the hero of our article is a member of the scientific council under the Ministry of Social Development of the Soviet Union. In particular, Ruslan Khasbulatov is actively involved in the development of the lease bill.
In the spring of 1990, he was elected as a people's deputy from the Grozny constituency. In his election promises, he advocates a united Russia with the opportunity to grant broad rights to autonomies, campaigns for an equal alliance with all the republics in its composition, the formation of democratic power structures, as well as the transformation of the Soviets themselves into really working self-government structures that could pass local laws.
In the Supreme Council
Significant changes in the biography of Ruslan Khasbulatov come when in the summer of 1990 he was elected first deputy chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. For a while, he even takes the post of acting chairman. And on October 29 he becomes the full leader of the Armed Forces.
In the fall of 1992, for a period of one year, Ruslan Khasbulatov, whose photo is in this article, is appointed to chair the Council of the Inter-Parliamentary Assembly of the CIS countries.
August putsch
In the early 90s, the hero of our article takes a direct part in all the main political events in the country. In 1991, he played a key role in the August coup.
He is the author of the appeal "To the Citizens of Russia", which condemned the actions of the Emergency Committee. Experts say that Khasbulatov advocated an objective investigation of the GKChP, opposed the arrest of Anatoly Lukyanov.
In fact, after August 1991, the work of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR was paralyzed. In this situation, he decides to turn the Presidium of the Supreme Council into a real government, starting to manage all the affairs of the republic. This decision played an important role in the biography of Ruslan Imranovich Khasbulatov.
At this time, he stands on the side of Yeltsin, calls for ratification of the Bialowieza Agreement at one of the meetings. Moreover, according to the Constitution, only the Congress of People's Deputies could do this, since this document applies to the entire state system. In the fall of 1992, a group of deputies even sent a request to the Constitutional Court in order to verify the legitimacy of the Supreme Court’s ratification decision. However, it was never considered.
Ratification of the agreement
In the spring of 1992, Yeltsin and Khasbulatov try three times to ratify the Bialowieza Agreement at the Congress of People's Deputies, but fail. Moreover, from the text of the Constitution of the RSFSR they decide to exclude the mention of the laws and the Constitution of the USSR, which later led to the confrontation between the president and the congress.
In order to nevertheless implement the Bialowieza Agreement, Ruslan Imranovich Khasbulatov, whose photo was often seen in the Soviet media, signs decrees on the termination of the activities of people's deputies, the abolition of the State Bank, prosecutors and judicial authorities. In March, he urges not to allow the VI Congress of People's Deputies.
As the hero of our article later admitted, the agreement was adopted by the Supreme Council under pressure from the military lobby.
Dissolution of the Armed Forces of Chechen-Ingushetia
The August putsch exacerbated the situation in some regions, including the Chechen-Ingush Republic, which was native to Ruslan Khasbulatov. The biography of the hero of our article was closely connected with these places.
The actual leader and organizer of the mass movement was Dzhokhar Dudayev, who led the Congress of the Chechen people. When the GKChP was defeated, the Dudaevites demanded that the Armed Forces of the Chechen-Ingush Republic resign and hold new elections.
In September 1991, Khasbulatov arrived in Chechnya at the last session of the local Armed Forces, which adopted a resolution on self-liquidation. During the negotiations in which the hero of our article participates, an interim parliament of 32 deputies is formed, which was later reduced to 9 people. Khasbulatov’s assistant, Yuri Cherny, becomes its chairman.
In October, Dzhokhar Dudayev was elected president of the Chechen Republic . Many do not recognize the election results, considering them falsified. In November, a state of emergency was declared on the territory of the republic, after which opposition leaders support Dudaev, who takes responsibility for protecting the sovereignty of Ichkeria.
The beginning of the constitutional crisis
Politician Ruslan Khasbulatov becomes one of the key figures during the 1992-1993 crisis. This is a consequence of the confrontation between President Yeltsin and opponents of the ongoing new socio-economic policy. On the side of Yeltsin’s opponents is the vice president of Rutskoi and Khasbulatov with most of the deputies.
In 1992, the hero of our article formally proposed that Yeltsin resign the government of Gaidar and Burbulis, which, in his opinion, was incompetent, but the deputies did not support the proposal.
For a while, criticism of the government weakens, but before the congress, Khasbulatov reinforces it again. As a result, he offers the president to change the essence of the extension of some special powers. In exchange, he wants to get the right to change the composition of the government at his discretion. He delivers a keynote speech in which he criticizes the economic course of Gaidar, which plays a decisive role in the mood of deputies who reject his candidacy for the post of prime minister.
Constitutional reform
In September 1993, Yeltsin signed a decree on constitutional reform, which provided for the dissolution of the Armed Forces and the Congress itself. He calls for elections to the Federal Assembly, an authority that was not provided for in the current Constitution.
Khasbulatov proposes to take advantage of the constitutional provision, which allows you to immediately remove the president from power in his attempt to dissolve the legally elected authorities.
The Supreme Council adopts a decision on the termination of Yeltsin’s powers, the transfer of power to Rutskoi. At the Extraordinary Congress of People's Deputies, the issue of a coup d'etat is being considered. That is how the actions of Yeltsin are qualified. The congress decides to hold early elections of deputies and the president until March 1994. A few days later, the building of the Armed Forces, in which meetings continue, is blocked by the army and the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Negotiations failed
On September 24, deputy Kozhokin acts as a parliamentarian between Khasbulatov and Yeltsin. The latter provides security guarantees and the possibility of unhindered travel abroad in the event of a cessation of struggle. The hero of our article categorically refuses them.
On October 4, tanks shoot down the building of the House of Soviets, in which the Congress is being held. Khasbulatov detained. With supporters, he is being placed in jail. He is charged with organizing riots. He will be released on February 25, as deputies decide on amnesty.
In 1998, Khasbulatov stated that there were dead during the shelling, although officially nothing is known about the victims during those events. In 2010, he announced that he would file a lawsuit with the International Court of Justice because of those events.
Peacekeeping Mission
In 1994, he organized the "Peace Mission of Professor Khasbulatov." At the head of this public organization, the hero of our article travels to Chechnya to organize negotiations between Dudayev, his opponents and the authorities of the Russian Federation. Failure awaits him, as the parties are not ready for any compromises.
A few months before the federal troops entered Chechnya, Khasbulatov called for a conciliation commission at a rally in Chechnya to sign an agreement on the non-use of weapons.
Seven armed groups join the Peacekeeping Mission of the hero of our article. However, Dudaev announces that Khasbulatov wants to provoke hostilities in the republic in order to take his place in domestic politics.
At this time, Khasbulatov meets with the leader of the anti-Dudaev opposition, agreeing to confront the regime of Dzhokhar Dudayev. Opposition forces decide to unite with the help of the so-called Provisional Council created in the region. In September, on the basis of the mission, meetings and negotiations are constantly held to develop a joint strategy for further action, but this does not bring any significant result.
When federal troops enter the territory of the Chechen Republic, Khasbulatov returns to Moscow. He returns to work at the department of his institute.
In 1995, the active phase of the military conflict begins in Chechnya. According to the information of the Vremya Novostei newspaper, an influential newspaper at that time, Khasbulatov, who had political weight in the Chechen diaspora, offers himself as an intermediary. However, the Russian federal authorities refuse his services. Already in 2005, Khasbulatov announced that Dudayev was flirting with Yeltsin, trying to deprive him of his deputy powers.
In 2003, the hero of our article announces plans to run for president of Chechnya, suggesting that he will win in the first round. Ultimately, he did not take part in the vote and did not even submit documents.
Personal life
Ruslan Khasbulatov has a fairly large family. His wife's name is Raisa Khasanovna, she is ten years younger than her husband. They have two children. Son Omar, who was born in 1973, became a manager. The next year, they had a daughter, Selima, who today works as a doctor. The biography, family, children of Ruslan Khasbulatov have always interested his supporters. Today he has grandchildren.
Khasbulatov is now 75 years old. He lives in an apartment in Moscow and the holiday village of Olgino in the Mozhaisk district of the Moscow Region.
His brother, Aslanbek, became a prominent historian, another brother, Yamlikhan - writer, he died in 2013. The sister of the hero of our article, Zulay, also conducts research in the field of history.
It is known that in his free time Ruslan Imranovich collects pipes, in his collection there are already about five hundred copies, smoking tobacco is his passion. In the collection there is even a pipe of the English Prime Minister Macmillan, which his sister gave him.