Dental implantation is a very common operation that is performed if a person has one or more bone-shaped organs in his mouth. However, in some cases it is very difficult to do it without osteoplasty. In most cases, the doctor will suggest that the patient perform a sinus lift. The use of this procedure during dental implantation is necessary if the patient’s own bone tissue is not enough.
Features of the structure of the jaw
So, sinus lift (the use of dental implants on the upper and lower jaw has certain differences) is necessary in order to increase the amount of bone tissue to fix the implant.
Most often, the procedure is applied in the upper part of the oral cavity. The fact is that the bones here are airy, as they form the maxillary sinus. Its lower wall is very thin and is located just in the place where the roots of the teeth of the upper jaw are located. This structure does not allow a person to put metal implants, as they will not be securely fixed.
Sinus lifting, the price of which will be indicated below, is performed by moving away the bones of the maxillary sinus and filling the resulting space with synthetic bone material. After that, you can install a longer and stronger implant.
Advantages and disadvantages of surgery
Before performing the procedure, you must make an appointment with the dentist and find out all its advantages. So, she has such advantages:
- It is possible to restore any number of teeth. You don’t have to use a removable denture.
- Powerful root implants can last much longer than thin ones. Therefore, your design will last in the oral cavity for a significantly longer amount of time.
- There is a possibility of combining different types of prostheses and implants. This, in turn, is an important parameter from an aesthetic point of view.
- Sinus lifting (the use of such a procedure for dental implants must be approved by the attending physician) allows you to get rid of discomfort after installing the prosthesis.
- The procedure provides a quality build-up of bone tissue, even if there is very little left.
However, there are some disadvantages:
- The recovery period after such an operation is quite long.
- Due to improper operation, inflammatory processes can occur.
- If the nasal sinus was accidentally damaged, this can provoke various chronic diseases of the nasopharynx.
- Immediately after the operation, the patient is prohibited from any load. For example, flights by plane, long trips. After this build-up, bones cannot even be sneezed.
Indications for use
If you want to use sinus lift, the use of the presented procedure for dental implantation must be approved by the doctor. And for this you must have certain indications:
- The absence of any pathologies, inflammatory foci or insuperable defects in the area where the intervention will be performed.
- The patient should not have any problems that during or after surgery may cause complications.
- The presence of the required volume of bone tissue, which will be needed for the primary fixation of implants inside the bone.
As you can see, sinus lift (use for dental implants should be justified) is a complex procedure that causes some discomfort to the patient. However, in some cases, you can not do without it.
Contraindications
Sinus lifting (the price of the procedure is approximately 12,000-25,000 rubles) in some cases can not be done. There are such contraindications for the operation:
- ENT pathologies that are in the acute stage of development.
- Immunity disorders.
- Oncological diseases.
- Low blood coagulation.
- Inflammatory disease or placement of the maxillary sinus too low.
- Problems with the functionality of the cardiovascular system.
- Chronic runny nose.
As you can see, the sinus lift operation may not always be performed. Therefore, before making a decision, you should consult a doctor and undergo a thorough examination.
Types of sinus lift
Each new patient is an individual case that requires its own approach. Therefore, you cannot use the same type of operation. Now you know what sinus lifting is for dental implants. Next, you will have the opportunity to consider the types of surgical intervention. There are only two of them:
- Open sine lifting. In this case, the introduction of synthetic bone tissue is performed through the lateral sinus walls. Such an operation is considered more complicated. An open sinus lift provides for fixation of the implant only after 4-6 months. Bone tissue should take root during this time.
- Closed sinus lift. This method of bone building is more gentle, therefore it is practiced more often. The necessary synthetic material is introduced through a specially made hole. It is formed as a result of cutting the gums and bone tissue. In this case, the implant can be installed on the same day.
As you can see, closed sinus lift is more preferable and safer. Although in this case, by negligence, you can bring the infection inside.
For work, specialists usually use such material: autogenous or lyophilized laminated demineralized bone, "Collateype", as well as absorbable cellulose.
What complications can arise?
The presented procedure is in most cases necessary. However, an experienced surgeon should conduct it. Otherwise, you may experience such complications:
- An inflammatory disease of the maxillary sinus, which is accompanied by headaches, general weakness, and the appearance of purulent discharge.
- Infection during surgery.
- Weak fixation of the implant, which leads to its gradual loosening.
- Inflammation of bone tissue.
- Chronic sinusitis or other pathologies of the nose or throat.
- Damage to the maxillary sinus sheath.
- Severe bleeding that can occur both during and after surgery. If a person has poor blood coagulation, then it will be difficult to stop him.
- Disruption of fluid exit from the bone.
- The development of the oroantral fistula.
Do not be afraid of all these complications. If a qualified doctor will deal with you, then the risk of their occurrence becomes void.
How to eliminate complications?
However, if it was not possible to avoid the bad consequences, it is necessary to eliminate them so that the introduced material remains intact. First of all, it is necessary to determine exactly what complication develops in the patient. For this, an external examination is carried out, as well as hardware diagnostics - radiography.
If the nature of the complication is infectious, then the patient passes tests that can determine the pathogen and prescribe the appropriate antiviral or antibacterial agent. If it is impossible to stop the inflammatory process in this way, then the treated area is often cleaned.
Preparation for the operation and its implementation
So, before sinus lift is performed (there are positive and negative reviews about it), you need to prepare for it. The doctor must conduct a full examination of the patient to exclude the presence of factors in which surgery is not possible. At this stage, the maxillary sinuses are calibrated. This is done through x-ray examination.
The examination makes it possible to determine whether there are inflammatory processes or hidden infectious lesions in the place of future treatment; bone height; consider the anatomical structure of the sinuses in each particular case.
Naturally, before using the presented procedure, the doctor is obliged to eliminate all the discovered diseases of the oral cavity: caries, gum disease and others. If there is even the slightest risk of complications, surgery should not be performed.
The intervention itself consists of several stages:
- The implementation of the incision, which will stretch from the distal tuber within the oral cavity to the area of the canine. This will make it possible to expose the lateral wall of the sinus. During cutting, the treated area should be well irrigated.
- Drilling small perforation points in the bone tissue along the upper border of the cut. At this stage, work should be done as carefully as possible so that the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus is not damaged.
- Breaking of the bone and peeling of the mucous membrane along the perimeter of the treated area. At this stage, a person should inhale and exhale several times with his nose. This will make it possible to find out if the mucous membrane is damaged.
- Bone material room. In this case, the doctor must ensure that the distribution is uniform in all planes.
What needs to be done during the rehabilitation period?
After the intervention, the wound heals for at least a week. However, for 4 weeks after the operation, the patient must follow some rules that will contribute to successful rehabilitation:
- Do not make sharp turns, inclinations or physical efforts that can increase pressure on the maxillary sinus.
- You should sneeze with your mouth open, and it is forbidden to blow your nose at all.
- Climb the stairs very carefully (it is advisable to spend this time alone).
- It is forbidden to descend under water or fly by plane.
- Do not eat too hard, cold or hot food.
After the completion of the rehabilitation period, you can make an appointment with the dentist. He will check if everything is in order with you, and will carry out the implantation procedure. Good luck