The mechanical ventilation system is being installed in rooms for various purposes recently very often. Such networks make living in apartments and private houses much more comfortable. Unlike natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation can work regardless of weather conditions outside the building - wind force, air temperature, etc.
At the moment, in two kinds of premises, two varieties of such networks can be installed - channelless and channel. The ventilation of the second type has a more complex design and is more expensive. But such networks and most effectively cope with the function of ensuring normal air exchange in the premises.
Where can they gather
In most cases, such systems are mounted in large production workshops and in warehouses. Recently, however, channel networks have often begun to equip in large private cottages and houses. In urban apartments, most often mounted ordinary simple channelless ventilation systems with hoods.
Main functions
Channel ventilation differs from simple ventilation primarily in that its design always includes special elements - air ducts. On such highways, fresh air is supplied to the rooms and exhaust air is discharged. Air ducts are drawn in such networks either in the attics of buildings, or in the thickness of ceilings and behind wall cladding.
The main purpose of such systems, of course, is primarily to ensure normal air exchange in the premises of the house. But modern duct ventilation can additionally perform two more important functions:
- space heating in the winter season;
- their cooling - in the summer.
Also, in most cases, structural elements of such networks are special filters that purify the air.
Varieties by type of equipment used
In this regard, channel ventilation systems are distinguished:
- inflow;
- supply and exhaust.
In the first case, fresh air is supplied to the premises through the channels as a result of the fan. At the same time, it is removed naturally - through cracks in the building structures. Supply air ventilation is usually equipped in large one-story houses. When installing such a system, only supply ducts are laid.
Supply and exhaust duct systems have a more complex design. In such networks, fans are responsible for both supply and exhaust air. Accordingly, two types of ducts are used in such networks:
Sometimes in country houses the channel exhaust ventilation is also mounted. In this case, the air is forcibly removed from the premises. At the same time, he enters the house through slots in his designs or through special valves mounted next to the windows.
Design Types
In most cases, in private homes and at enterprises the usual channel supply and exhaust ventilation is equipped. But sometimes systems of this type, supplemented by a recuperator, can also be mounted in buildings. Such equipment allows home owners to significantly save on heating. A block of many plates is provided inside the recuperator. Passing through them, the cold air entering the room is warmed up by the warm air taken out of the house.
Also, the ventilation systems of buildings can vary by type of ducts. Most often, when assembling such networks in residential buildings and industrial premises, sleeves are extended:
- iron square section;
- flexible corrugated plastic round section.
The first rigid type of duct is most often used in production. Owners of private houses in most cases prefer to mount flexible corrugated channels. Such ducts are much easier to hide in ceilings and behind wall cladding. In addition, sleeves of this type are easy to install. The only drawback of corrugated ducts is the not too long service life.
Operating principle
The most complex duct ventilation systems - supply and exhaust with a recuperator work approximately according to this principle:
- under the influence of the equipment of the supply and exhaust unit, usually located in the attic of the building, fresh air begins to flow into the rooms;
- in this case, as a result of the operation of the exhaust fans, the exhaust air is removed outward along the arms through the roof.
Inlet ducts in such systems are passed through walls into rooms, usually at the bottom. Outlets are displayed at the top of the walls or on the ceiling. As a result, cool air from the street begins to flow into the rooms during the operation of the supply and exhaust system from below. In the room, the streams become polluted, heat up and rise to the ceiling, after which they are removed outside through the outlet channels.
With the arrangement of such systems, air ducts are not allowed to exit to all rooms. The only thing - when using such a simplified scheme, the doors between the rooms are not sealed. In the paintings of interior structures when arranging such ventilation, very often even special holes are cut for air circulation, which are subsequently sutured with decorative grilles.
Pros and cons of the channel network
The main advantage of systems of this type is, of course, that they are able to provide ventilation of the premises of the house as efficiently as possible. With such a system in the building, sections with stagnant air never form. Also, the advantages of such networks, of course, include the fact that when they are used in the house, you can create the most pleasant microclimate. By including additional equipment in the design of such ventilation, air can:
In the first case, the design of the system is supplemented by filters. For cooling, ducted air conditioners are installed in the ducts of such ventilation. Recuperators and air heaters are used to heat flows coming from the street.
The main disadvantage of channel systems, consumers consider the complexity of their design. But to mount such a network in the house, if desired, can be done independently. However, the project of the system of this variety to be made by the owners of country houses is usually entrusted to specialists. Only a competent engineer can determine the necessary places for laying ducts, their cross-section, as well as the required power of the supply and exhaust system itself.
Types of fans
The networks of this variety can differ in the main type of equipment. Fans in duct ventilation, depending on the shape of the cross section of the ducts, can be mounted round or square. The latter type of equipment is usually more powerful. Also, fans can vary in size. For example, in private homes and at enterprises such equipment can be installed at 50 mm, 160, 300, 355, 400 mm.
Manufacturers
Equipment for duct ventilation systems from various companies, both Russian and foreign, is supplied to the domestic market today. But the most popular domestic manufacturers of such networks are still:
- AlProm TD (Chelyabinsk).
- "Civil Defense" (Yekaterinburg).
- "Trading House Union" (Moscow).
- NZMI (Nizhny Novgorod).
Reviews
Of course, owners of country houses find such systems in operation very convenient. Judging by the reviews, the interiors of the premises in the building are such networks, in most cases they do not spoil at all. After installation, only decorative grilles remain visible after installation. At the same time, the air exchange in the premises ventilation networks of this type support comfortable.
The only drawback of this type of network is the cottage owners consider the rather high cost of their installation. Such networks are bypassed, since in this case it is necessary not only to additionally purchase air ducts, but also to dismantle / mount the cladding of the building envelope, it is actually expensive.