Russia's largest transport hub on the Black Sea - Novorossiysk, has a long and interesting history. But perhaps the main wealth of the city is its population. Novorossiysk is a city of military glory, it has repeatedly proved that its inhabitants are a courageous people.
Geographical position
In southern Russia, on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, Novorossiysk is located. The sea is the main advantage of the geographical location of the settlement. People move around it and transport goods, it provides food, and it is a powerful tourist and recreational resource. Novorossiysk is located in a convenient Tsemess bay. From the coastline, it rises with an amphitheater to the foot of the Caucasus Mountains. The southeastern border of the city is drawn up by the Navagirsky ridge. The highest point of Novorossiysk in the southeast is 447-meter Mount Koldun. The northern border of the city lies at the foot of the Markotkh Range with the highest point in the city - Mount Sugar Loaf (558 m). Novorossiysk is not rich in fresh water resources. A small river Tsemes flows within the city, and a large fresh lake Abrau is located 14 km from the settlement. The relief of the city is created by terraces, with which it rises from the coast to the foot of the mountains.
Climate and weather
Mountain peaks reliably protect the city of Novorossiysk from continental air masses and create a special microclimate here. In its characteristics, it is close to the Mediterranean. In summer, tropical weather reigns here, and in winter the climate is temperate. The summer season is characterized by warm weather (average temperature is + 22 degrees) with little rainfall. It lasts from late May to late September. In winter, a natural phenomenon such as boron winds or a northeast is often observed. They bring a sharp drop in temperature and unusually thick mists. The winter season lasts from December to February.
History of the city
People in Tsemess Bay began to settle in the 5th century BC. Here there was the city of Bata, which was subjected to raids by invaders and was destroyed by the Alans in the 2nd century BC. Then, over the course of several centuries, these lands passed from hand to hand of different tribes and peoples. In 1453, the Turks settled here, preparing for war with Russia and building the Sudzhuk fortress here. While the Russian troops seized the territory of Crimea and the Black Sea coast, the Turks strenuously defended Sudzhuk. In 1791, the troops of the Russian Empire managed to capture this impregnable fortress. The Russians blew up the building in 1812 so that the Turks could never rebuild it. Only in 1829 the Tsemess bay was officially recognized as Russian property.
For Russia, this place was strategically important, and therefore it was decided to build a base here for the Black Sea Imperial Fleet. From this moment a new history of the settlement begins, the city is filled predominantly by the Russian-speaking population. Novorossiysk begins to strengthen, as the invaders continued to threaten it. In the mid-19th century, the city was almost wiped off the face of the Earth as a result of attempts by the Anglo-French squadron to capture it. But he was reborn heroically. During the October Revolution of 1917 and the Civil War, Novorossiysk again became a field for constant fighting. Great hostilities took place in the city during the Second World War. Novorossiysk withstood several attacks and blockades, but survived. After the war, the active restoration of the city begins, in 1973 the city was awarded the honorary title of Hero City.
Population size
Since 1853, a relatively regular calculation of the population of the city has been carried out. That year, 960 people lived here. The historical milestones of the development of the city led to the fact that the settlement developed, the population grew. Novorossiysk is growing steadily and today almost 267 thousand people live here. Decreases in the number of city residents were observed during the Second World War, and in the first decade of the 21st century. Even the all-Russian recession of the early 90s passed here without reducing the number of inhabitants. This suggests that Novorossiysk has a certain attractiveness for residents who come and stay here for a long time.
City districts
The area of Novorossiysk is 81 sq. Km. He stretched along the coastline. Today, the Tsemess Bay is quite densely built up, and the city has only one possibility of growth - this is the extension of the settlement line, mainly due to the development of the eastern and southern parts. Officially, such districts of Novorossiysk as Southern, Primorsky, Central and Eastern are officially distinguished. The oldest part of the city is the Primorsky district, which includes several historical settlements that have retained their names: Borisovka, Vasilyevka, Kirillovka, Vladimirovka, Glebovsky, Ubykh and South Ozereyevka.
The youngest, most promising and prestigious is the Southern region. The building here combines large modern complexes of multi-storey buildings with cottage housing. The center in which the administrative, trade and entertainment organizations are concentrated is the Central District. Here the most expensive housing, good infrastructure for living. Primorsky district is the "continental" part of the city, the most remote from the coast. The main type of buildings here are estates, i.e. small private houses with an adjacent plot with a garden and a vegetable garden. There are also multi-story buildings, but they are much smaller. In spirit, this area strongly resembles the traditional Kuban villages. The eastern region is an industrial zone. Housing here is built mainly along the seashore, the rest of the district is industrial enterprises, a port, and transport facilities.
Ecology of the city
Like many southern settlements, Novorossiysk as a whole has a poor environmental situation. The state of the city is affected by the amount of transport and industrial emissions. The most disadvantaged area of the city is Vostochny with almost constant smog due to the numerous operating industrial enterprises. The most prosperous is the Southern region, where there are no production organizations at all. For the whole city, a large amount of transport is a problem . Novorossiysk does not have the ability to miss moving streams away from residential areas, and the gas content here is very high. Another environmental problem is the seasonal increase in the population, which leads to the fact that in the summer the city can’t cope with the increasing amount of garbage.
Economics of Novorossiysk
The city is a large industrial center of southern Russia. The economy of a settlement depends on the functioning of large industrial enterprises. For Novorossiysk, the most important in economic terms are 5 cement plants, which makes the city the leader of this industry in the entire southern part of the country. Also, such major Novorossiysk employers as the Priboy radio plant, the Molot and Novorosmetall factories make a big contribution to the city’s economy. A prominent role in the economy is played by a port with numerous adjacent enterprises. In Novorossiysk, the service and trade sectors, processing and wine-making industries are well developed.
Employment
The Employment Center (Novorossiysk) monitors the labor activity and involvement of city residents. The economic crisis negatively affected employment, and unemployment rates grew slightly. However, Novorossiysk compares favorably with many cities in the Kuban, and the lowest level of people looking for work is recorded here. In the Krasnodar Territory, in 2016, the unemployment rate is 0.8%, in the Hero City, as the Employment Center (Novorossiysk) notes, it remains at 0.6%, and the national average is 1.3% of the unemployed number of able-bodied population.
City infrastructure
The geographical features of the city make it a large transport hub, which has two consequences. Firstly, there is a very well-developed transport connection for both internal and external transport. Secondly, the city is increasingly stuck in traffic jams, and the population suffers greatly from this. Novorossiysk can not yet solve the problem of transport collapse, which overtakes the city every day during rush hours.
This is due to the fact that the main traffic cannot pass Sovetskaya Street, where the main traffic jams are created. The roads of Novorossiysk are in quite good condition, thanks to the services of the city.
The household and cultural infrastructure of the city is well developed, although it is unevenly distributed across the districts.