Export - a definition that characterizes the export of goods or services from a country. At the same time, it is planned to sell products on the international market on a commercial basis. The amount of export value is usually set for the year. In this case, the determination of the price does not depend on the period during which the export is carried out under the contract or trade agreement.
Net export is a cost indicator expressing the algebraic difference between imports and exports of services and goods. This difference is formed taking into account a certain period. Due to the fact that the imbalance in the international trade in industrial goods is compensated for by consumer goods, net exports are displayed through the latter. Thus, this concept refers to the excess of international "sales" of consumer goods over their "purchase". Most states want exports to prevail over imports. However, not everyone succeeds.
Negative net exports are accompanied by an excess of imports over exports. Once in a country its money becomes convertible currency on an international scale, then its distribution will begin to be carried out not only as a result of the predominance of “purchase” over “sale”, but also due to the provision of credit to other countries directly in that country's currency. The conversion of the national currency into convertible is possible for any rich power that carries out free trade with many countries in the world and does not create unnecessary customs barriers to protect its producers. At the same time, others, when trading among themselves, use the currency of rich states.
In the long run, excess imports or net exports is not possible in principle. This is due to the fact that no one will continuously sell "borrowed" for a long period. As practice shows, net export for a long period makes the country a lender relative to others. With the predominance of imports, the state forms external debt.
If net export occurs during a certain reporting period, a part of consumer goods is removed from the domestic market. At the same time, the sphere of consumption already received income for this part. Thus, the total income will be exchanged for part of the benefits that remained from sales in the domestic market. As a result, inflation is formed, the indicator of which is equal to the percentage with which net exports correlate with national income of the specified period.
For the manufacturing industry, the difference between “sales” and “purchases” in the national currency, as well as the deficit of the state budget, is additional income.
Net exports are formed in the framework of successful state competition in foreign markets. Moreover, it is accompanied by a certain expansion of the market for the sale of personal and industrial goods. This is due to net extras.
With a primary excess of imports, an additional volume of consumer goods is “poured” into the domestic market. A part of the income of the sphere of consumption is spent on their acquisition. As a result, the remainder will be spent on the entire volume of goods produced during the indicated period of production. Thus, deflation is formed. Its level is the percentage of the ratio of net exports to national income.
When importing production assets in the country, a large volume of consumer goods is produced, which is equivalent to importing them.
In this case, external debt is formed. Its content is associated with additional costs. These costs can be covered only through the production of additional goods in the sphere of consumption for export.