Many women are interested in what an ovarian cyst is and for what reasons it can form. This is a benign neoplasm with the presence of fluid inside, which is prone to overgrowth. There are several types of this pathology and with some of them the symptoms are completely absent, therefore, it is not always possible to recognize the presence of a tumor in a timely manner.
However, with a significant increase in the neoplasm in size, quite pronounced signs appear. If treatment is not carried out, the pathology can be complicated by rupture, twisting of the leg, which subsequently threatens with peritonitis or acute abdominal syndrome.
Features of the disease
Before choosing the methods of therapy, it is necessary to determine what an ovarian cyst is and for what reasons it forms. This is a neoplasm of a benign nature, inside of which there is a liquid. Basically, such a violation occurs in young women.
Basically, at the initial stages of the disease, the symptoms are absent or mild. With the further development of the disease, internal bleeding, soreness in the lower abdomen can be observed. It is possible to determine the presence of a cyst only by undergoing regular examinations by a gynecologist, as well as during ultrasound diagnostics.
The size of the tumor generally does not exceed 15 cm, provided that it is detected in a timely manner. There are several types of such a disease, and some can eventually develop into a malignant tumor. At the initial stage of cyst formation, treatment is carried out by using conservative techniques, however, as the neoplasm grows, surgery may be indicated.
What are the types
It is important to know, not only what is an ovarian cyst, but also what types of it are, the differences between them. This will allow the most accurate diagnosis and treatment. There are many neoplasms that differ in their causes and developmental features. Among the main types of ovarian cysts, it is necessary to distinguish:
- mucinous;
- paraovarial;
- endometrioid;
- dermoid;
- corpus luteum cyst;
- follicular.
The follicular is formed from a follicle that blocks the fallopian tubes. It begins to grow gradually, accumulating fluid inside itself. In this case, ovulation does not occur. The size of the neoplasm is 2-7 cm. It can be either a single cyst or multiple.
The corpus luteum cyst has several thickened walls that are lined with luteal cells. Such a tumor reaches a size of 6-8 cm.
A paraovarial cyst is formed on the epididymis. Over time, it becomes very large and leads to overwhelming organs. This causes pain. It is worth noting that there are no irregularities in the menstrual cycle and a woman may not even suspect the presence of a cyst. Hemorrhagic formation occurs as a result of hemorrhage.
Endometrioid cyst is formed with ovarian endometriosis. Such a pathological neoplasm is hormone-dependent and is characterized by periodic abnormal bleeding.
The dermoid neoplasm is filled with particles of embryonic embryos. Often he has one-sided localization, small size and slow growth. It can occur at any age and can degenerate into a malignant tumor.
A mucinous cyst contains mucus and over time reaches a very large size. Has a tendency to malignant degeneration.
Causes of occurrence
What causes a cyst on the ovary - this question worries a lot of young women. This is mainly due to the occurrence of inflammatory diseases and hormonal disorders.
The mechanism of the onset of the tumor is not yet fully understood, however, several provoking factors are distinguished, in particular such as:
- menstrual irregularities;
- genital surgery;
- hormonal disorders;
- overweight;
- abortions.
Women at risk should always monitor their health, regularly undergo a routine examination. Basically, such a formation occurs in the right ovary, but in some cases it can be in the left. Among the most likely causes of a doctor are:
- genital injuries and inflammation;
- metabolic and embryogenesis disorders;
- early onset of menstruation.
On the right ovary, a cyst is formed with sexually transmitted infections, an unstable menstrual cycle, as well as thyroid disorders.
The main symptoms
It is important to understand, not only what is an ovarian cyst, but also what are the symptoms when this type of neoplasm occurs, so that you can consult a doctor in time for diagnosis and treatment. Often a tumor is detected completely by accident during a routine examination. However, if it reaches a very large size, then severe symptoms may appear, namely:
- painful sensations;
- frequent urination;
- menstrual irregularities;
- an increase in the abdomen;
- hair growth and coarsening of the voice.
If the neoplasm is small, then there is no pain with the ovarian cyst, however, during its growth, discomfort and pulling sensations in the lower abdomen may occur, which intensify during physical exertion or during intercourse. In some cases, there may be a feeling of heaviness or constriction in the pelvis.
Signs of rupture of ovarian cysts in women are characterized by very strong and sharp pains that give into the rectum. In addition, the temperature rises, nausea and vomiting are observed. This condition is very dangerous for health, which is why it is important to immediately contact a doctor for treatment.
Pain with an ovarian cyst can also occur during urination, since such a neoplasm squeezes the bladder. It can also affect the lower intestines, which leads to constipation.
Diagnostics
Many women are interested in how to determine the type of ovarian cyst in order to conduct the most appropriate treatment. Only a doctor can do this during the diagnosis. To do this, apply such techniques as:
- gynecological examination;
- ultrasonography;
- puncture of the posterior vaginal fornix;
- laparoscopy;
- tomography;
- laboratory research.
If necessary, they additionally determine the level of tumor markers in the blood in cases of suspected transformation into a malignant tumor.
Treatment features
The methods for treating ovarian cysts are determined by the doctor, guided by this:
- age of the patient;
- the risk of a malignant tumor;
- intensity of manifestation.
Regardless of the methodology of therapy, it is important to maximize the reproductive abilities of women. With an uncomplicated course of a functional cyst, therapy implies the use of medications, contraceptives, vitamin complexes, as well as homeopathic treatment.
For faster resorption of the neoplasm, folk remedies and methods can be used. Good results are provided by therapeutic exercises, the use of mineral waters, acupuncture and dieting.
If there is no positive dynamics during complex therapy, surgical intervention is indicated with the subsequent study of histological material.
Cyst Nutrition
A diet with an ovarian cyst is required to stabilize the hormonal background and normalize general well-being. In addition, a well-chosen diet will allow you to normalize the weight of a woman. With the help of a properly selected diet, it is quite possible to influence the level of steroid hormones in the body. Excessive consumption of meat and fatty foods leads to increased levels of estrogen.
Experts say that products that include methylxanthine lead to the accumulation of fluid in the cyst and increase its size. That is why consumption is undesirable:
- strong tea;
- Chocolate
- coffee;
- cocoa.
It is recommended to consume only natural, healthy products for the body. Meal should be fractional, so you need to eat in small portions 5 times a day. If there is obesity, then you need to follow a strict diet.
Operation
Only a doctor can decide whether to remove an ovarian cyst, as this depends on many different factors. Surgical intervention may vary according to the method of execution. With an uncomplicated and follicular tumor, the cavity with the contents is removed, and the resulting defect is sutured.
Polycystic ovaries are treated by removing the part of the organ where the highest secretion of hormones is observed. In addition, electrocoagulation, that is, cauterization of ovarian cells, is considered a fairly effective method.
In the presence of endometrioid formations in reproductive age, laparoscopy of the ovarian cyst is performed. This is the least traumatic operation that allows you to save all organs. Laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst is performed through a small puncture of the abdominal wall and gives a very good result. At an older age, removal of the neoplasm is carried out together with the affected organ. The choice of surgical procedure largely depends on the type of cyst, the age of the patient, and the presence of concomitant diseases. Timely surgery allows you to avoid complications in the postoperative period.
Treatment with folk remedies
Before applying folk methods, you must definitely know which ovarian cyst is dangerous, and which neoplasm can be cured without resorting to surgery. Before applying absolutely any means and methods, it is necessary to consult with a doctor regarding their safety and effectiveness.
The most effective means of traditional medicine include walnut partitions. To do this, pour boiling water over them and boil over low heat for 20 minutes. You need to take this tool for 2-3 tbsp. l 3 times a day. After a month of such treatment, you need to repeat the ultrasound.
You can also take fresh burdock juice 3 times a day for 1 tbsp. l for a month. A reasonably good result can be obtained with honey and aloe juice.
Prognosis after treatment
Whether menstruation goes with an ovarian cyst is of interest to many women, since this violation can indicate a deterioration in childbearing functions. In some cases, there is a violation of the menstrual cycle, which is easily corrected by taking hormonal drugs.
In general, the prognosis after complex therapy is quite favorable. Basically, a cyst does not form again, but functional neoplasms can appear throughout the entire period of ovarian activity. But proper treatment will help minimize this risk.
Ovarian cyst during pregnancy
Even with cysts, pregnancy can occur and proceed without complications. Often this neoplasm does not require specialized treatment and does not affect the development of the fetus. In this case, only the planned monitoring and control of the doctor is sufficient.
The exception is only a large cyst, which presses on adjacent organs, as well as an exacerbation of the disease. In this case, the laparoscopy method is used to remove the cyst.
Possible complications
A cyst can have quite complex and dangerous complications, especially if a complex treatment is not timely performed. The consequences largely depend on the reason, due to which the formation of the neoplasm began. In general, complications occur if the cyst begins to bleed, the ovary ruptures or twists.
When torsion, the organ begins to experience oxygen starvation, as a result of which it dies. This can lead to infertility.
Cyst prophylaxis
To prevent the occurrence of benign formations, you need to regularly visit a gynecologist, timely treat inflammatory processes. It is also important to consult a doctor for menstrual irregularities and conditions accompanied by elevated estrogen levels.