The main objective of the overhaul or reconstruction is to ensure the safety of the building structures, reducing utility costs, increasing the comfort of staying in people's premises. The objectives of these two events are thus similar. However, overhaul and reconstruction are not identical concepts. Activities during their implementation are different.
What is the difference between overhaul and reconstruction
When performing reconstruction of a building or structure, among other things, they may:
That is, such an operation involves, among other things, a change in purpose or a restructuring of the main building structures.
Overhaul is primarily aimed at eliminating the effects of physical or moral deterioration of structural elements. No too large-scale work is being carried out in this case. That is, overhaul is a procedure, among other things, less labor-intensive than reconstruction. Moreover, in most cases, it is not so expensive.
Reconstruction and overhaul can be carried out for buildings and the construction of any area. The second type of operation can be performed only for individual buildings. Reconstructions are often subjected to whole architectural complexes. This allows you to make them more convenient and modern.
For example, in Moscow, in preparation for the 2018 World Cup, a large-scale reconstruction of VDNH was carried out. At that time, many other architectural objects of the capital were subjected to a similar procedure.
What works can be carried out during reconstruction
So, we found out what is the difference between overhaul and reconstruction. But what specific types of work can be carried out in both cases? What changes in a building or structure when performing, for example, reconstruction?
Such a procedure is carried out much less frequently than overhaul even if it is really advisable. Reconstruction of an old house, for example, may include the following types of work:
replacement of the main structural elements of the building;
construction of outbuildings;
the construction of additional floors, etc.
That is, during the reconstruction process, the area of the house or its layout can change.
As for non-residential buildings, a similar procedure is carried out according to several other technologies. But in any case, ultimately, such buildings also undergo major changes. Reconstruction of bridges, for example, may include procedures such as:
Also, in the course of such work, a complete reconstruction of the structure can be carried out. Bridges are being reconstructed, of course, with preliminary development of the project. Funding for the alteration of such significant structures by state organizations is being financed.
Reconstruction of the stadium may include such events:
In addition, the contractor can perform such type of work as the installation of artificial lighting.
Overhaul
Reconstruction of squares, stadiums, buildings is, of course, a very complex and costly business. When overhauling, relatively expensive work is often also performed. However, in this case, the building or structure ultimately does not undergo any major changes. The following types of work can be carried out during major repairs, for example:
repair of a leaking roof;
repair or replacement of various kinds of engineering communications;
improving the appearance of a building or structure;
foundation or wall repair.
In some cases, during a major overhaul, a building may be additionally insulated.
Do I need to get permission
The difference between overhaul and reconstruction is, therefore, primarily in the scale of work. But the owners, for example, of suburban private houses, in any case, both of these operations are often performed independently. Do I need to get permission for any changes in the private building?
Overhaul of any building, including low-rise, as a relatively simple operation, is allowed to be done without first visiting any institutions. Reconstruction is another matter. Events of this type are always a responsible procedure. And this concerns not only, for example, the reconstruction of VDNH or even just any industrial building. Remodeling even a small building requires a project and serious investments.
The reconstruction of a private house is, of course, a very important event. In our country, any owner has the right to use only that part of the building that is officially registered as his property. Replacing any structures of the house can lead, for example, to its destruction. And this, in turn, often causes inconvenience to neighbors as well. An increase in the area of the house may also be due to a violation of the rights of the owners living nearby.
Therefore, according to the Civil Code, it is mandatory to obtain permission to reconstruct a private house. Such a document will be required if the building is located on a site allotted:
under individual housing construction;
under low-rise construction;
to maintain a personal subsidiary plots.
For the reconstruction of garden houses and cottages, no permits are required.
How to get permission for reconstruction
Owners of country houses who decide to carry out such a restructuring should first contact the BTI and get a copy of the cadastral plan, as well as technical documentation for the building. Then you need:
take the received papers to the Architectural Department and write the corresponding statement;
wait for the arrival of the architect, who will draw up the reconstruction project;
bring the finished project to the Architectural Department;
wait for permission to reconstruct.
At the final stage, the building owner will also need to visit the SES and the Ministry of Emergencies. If the reconstruction involves the replacement or installation of any communications, it may be necessary to obtain permission in the communal or gas service.
What may include major repairs
The difference between overhaul and reconstruction, among other things, is the cost of the work. Owners of private low-rise buildings carry out large-scale changes relatively rarely, and only if there are enough funds. Reconstruction of an old house may include, for example, events such as the construction of an extension, the arrangement of a residential attic, etc.
The overhauls of low-rise suburban buildings are not too cheap. Their owners of private houses also carry out only as needed, but still more often than reconstruction.
In the city, such work is carried out in accordance with the program of major repairs of houses. The private trader himself decides when to carry out a similar procedure. But at the same time, in both cases, almost the same types of work are performed. In a private house, major repairs usually include the following steps:
Work plan
They begin to repair a country house, of course, in most cases, by eliminating roof leaks. Further, the owners of the building change their windows and doors. The next stage of overhaul in an old private building in most cases is the replacement of floor boards or screed adjustment. At the final stage, they begin to repair the facades of the building.
Replacing windows and doors
An urgent need for major repairs may arise, for example, when the frames and the jambs are dry, rotting or cracking. Replacing windows in most cases involves such procedures as:
dismantling of sashes and frames;
taking measurements;
making or buying new windows;
installation of windows in openings.
About the same technology in country houses and change the door. Windows for concrete, brick or monolithic suburban buildings in most cases choose plastic. In chopped, shield or log houses, wooden double-glazed windows are mounted.
Roof repair
Such an operation is carried out during the overhaul of a private house in the event that the roof began to leak. The cause of this problem is usually rusting or damage to the roofing material. In this case, when performing a major overhaul, the problematic part of the roof covering is first dismantled.
At the next stage, the condition of the materials of the “pie” of the roof is checked in the area of leakage. If necessary, a partial replacement of the heat and water insulator is carried out.
Wooden floors in the building
The need for repairing the floor in a country house usually occurs when the coating begins to creak or bend. Turning boards or destroying a concrete screed can also cause correction work.
When repairing an old house, wooden floorboards are changed approximately according to this technology:
Tear down the old board. When removing ordinary boards, in most cases only a nail clipper is used as a tool. When dismantling grooved floorboards, a hacksaw is used to cut the protrusion of the lock.
Mount new floorboards. When performing this operation, they try not to leave gaps between the boards. At least two nails are driven into each mounted floorboard over the logs.
Sometimes the floor boards themselves in a country house remain intact, but at the same time they begin to stagger. In this case, experts advise for repairs to simply replace the nails in the floorboards with screws.
Concrete screed repair
Of course, most often the floors in country houses are mounted from boards. But sometimes in such buildings there are also concrete coverings. Damage to the screed can be observed as follows:
cracks;
potholes;
exfoliation.
Cracks usually appear at the point of greatest tension in the coating. Repair in the presence of such damage is carried out approximately according to this technology:
cracks expand and deepen slightly;
along the entire length of the cracks, perpendicular notches are made 15 cm long and 2 cm deep;
dust is cleaned;
metal rods fit into the transverse sections;
a crack is sealed with cuts with a concrete mixture.
Screed hollows are repaired as follows:
cut a pothole along a rectangular perimeter to the entire depth;
remove residual concrete from the recess;
cover the pothole with concrete mixture.
Peeling during screed repair is usually completely cut out and sealed with cement mortar.
Renovation of the facade of a country house
Reconstruction of objects can sometimes include a procedure such as replacing or rebuilding walls. When performing overhaul, attention is usually paid mainly only to the appearance of the facades. The choice of how to update the exterior of a private low-rise building depends on what material it is made of.
In most cases, when performing a major overhaul, the walls of country houses are finished using:
hinged facades;
decorative plaster.
Finishing the building, it is usually also insulated.
Mounting the curtain wall
In this case, mineral wool is usually used as insulation. Finishing cladding of the building can be performed using:
Installation of curtain walls is carried out using approximately the following technology:
the walls of the building are covered with a vapor insulator;
on the facades a lath of timber is attached;
mineral wool slabs are installed between the bars;
on top of a heat insulator using not too thick bars, strips of plastic film are attached;
fine finishing material is fixed on the bars.
Plates of mineral wool between the bars of the crate are set by surprise without additional fastening. In cold regions, this material is usually mounted on walls in two layers. In this case, when installing the upper plates, make sure that the joints between them do not coincide with the joints of the lower layer.
Siding and profiled sheet are fixed to the bars using self-tapping screws. To fix the lining or the block house, special secret elements are used - kleimers.
Plastering
Using this technique, the building facades also ultimately turn out to be quite attractive and look modern. Before plastering the house in most cases, pre-insulated with polystyrene foam.
Sheets of this material are attached to the walls with special glue. Additionally, expanded polystyrene is fixed to the walls with plastic dowels. At the end of the insulation works, the facades are covered with a reinforcing fiberglass mesh.
Then proceed to the actual plastering. To make the walls look neat, use the lighthouse decoration method. Moisture-resistant cement mortar with special additives is used for rough plastering.
At the next stage, the walls are covered with a layer of decorative plaster. Next, the house is painted. At the same time, they use tools designed specifically for the decoration of facades from the street.
Instead of a conclusion
Of course, when overhauling an old wooden house, its owners sometimes have to perform other types of work. This could be, for example:
repair of the foundation of the house;
replacement of a covering of a ceiling;
replacement of electrical wiring, elements of water supply and heating systems, etc.
But the measures described above are still major during major repairs. Replacing old windows and doors, insulating the facades, repairing the roof and floors, you can make the house much more convenient for living and cozy.