Endodontic instruments are used for dental procedures in the root canals and cavity of the tooth. These are tools made of special carbon steel or nickel-titanium alloy. It is worth noting that instruments made of nickel-titanium alloy have high flexibility, have a safe tip and a "shape memory". They are made of round billets by cutting and are used both on special low-speed drills and for manual work. For the convenience of doctors, all endodontic instruments have their own special encoding. Codes come in several forms.
Numeric codes are applied directly to the handle (for hand tools) or to the packaging (for use on drills). Each number is equal to the diameter, which is expressed in hundredths of a millimeter.
The geometric code (spiral, square, triangle, octagon, circle) indicates the cross-sectional view of the working part.
The color code contains three intermediate colors and six primary colors. Color indicates the size of the instrument. During the processing of the canal, the doctor should not miss a single color.
Tools designed for manual work can withstand temperatures up to two hundred degrees Celsius. They consist of a pen with the desired geometric, digital and color coding, as well as the working part, which are interconnected by a rod. The rod has a length of 21 to 31 mm, and the working part always has a length of 16 mm. Each tool has a silicone stopper. It is worn directly on the rod and has a contrasting side that shows the bend of the channel.
Root canal endodontic instruments are intended for:
1. For extirpation of pulp. The tool looks like a rasp and has teeth. The teeth have little mobility, their size is half the diameter of the rod. When the tool is immersed in the dental canal, the teeth are pressed against the shaft, and when removed, they straighten and take with them pulp tissue or detritus. There are seven sizes of this tool.
2. To determine the depth of the canals, root needles are used. They are designed to determine the degree of channel patency. Needles come in five sizes.
3. To expand the channel mouths, a special expander is used; it has a drop-shaped working part. Such a tool is available with six cross-sectional sizes.
4. In order to expand the narrow curved channels, special endodontic instruments are used that look like a rasp. The set includes seven tools with a shaft length of 25 millimeters. On the working surface are fifty teeth, which are located at an angle to the axis of the tool. The length of the teeth is three times less than the diameter of the tool. The tip of the teeth can easily move along the channel.
Rotary dentist instruments made from an alloy of nickel and titanium have a large taper. Therefore, the diameter of each following is greater by 290/0. This allows you to evenly increase the root canal. The rounded edges and the shape of the edges prevent the tool from jamming. A dull top allows you to hold the tool in the direction of the channel, even in the place of a large bend, this prevents the creation of ledges and perforation. Their sizes are from N 15 to N 150.
It uses endodontics instruments described above, as well as special instruments - capacitors with special spiral-shaped cuts.