The follicular cyst of the tooth is a neoplasm with an epithelial genesis that develops in the jaw bone. Despite the fact that the disease may not manifest itself in the form of certain symptoms for a very long time, this condition is dangerous and needs timely diagnosis and proper treatment.
What it is?
We will deal with this issue in more detail. A follicular cyst of a tooth represents a cavity developing from an enamel organ of a tooth that has not erupted. Inside there is a liquid that is sterile in the early stages of cyst formation, and can later become infected. An uncut tooth can also be located in the cyst. Moreover, he is either completely immersed there, or only to the level of the neck. The tooth root in the latter case is located in the bone tissue.
Most often, a follicular tooth cyst in children is diagnosed at the age of twelve to fifteen years, mainly in boys. It is much less common in young people between the ages of twenty and twenty-five. A cyst, as a rule, is found in the area of the canine of either the lower jaw or the third molar. The formation of the third molar large tooth of the upper jaw is much less often diagnosed.
The reasons for the formation of this pathology
Regarding the causes of the formation of the follicular cyst of the tooth, there are various opinions that mainly come down to the trauma of the developing tooth, for example, pressure on the bud of a milk tooth or lack of space for an erupted wisdom tooth, or infection of the tooth bud.
In connection with the correspondence of the period in which the normal development of the tooth follicle is disturbed, the following may appear: a cyst that contains parts of the teeth; a cyst that contains already fully formed teeth; cysts without them.
Thus, this neoplasm is essentially a defect in dental development.
The follicular cyst of the tooth develops long and slowly. Sometimes, with incomplete removal of the epithelial lining after the intervention, there are relapses.
If there is an inflammatory process in the periodontium or canal of a milk tooth for a long time, it can disrupt the emerging germ of the molar tooth. One of the possible consequences is the formation of a follicular cyst.
Thus, the need for regular preventive visits to the dentist and treatment of milk teeth in a timely manner, and not in a neglected state, is once again confirmed.
Manifestations of the follicular cyst
What symptoms are observed with this pathology? A person may not feel the developing process of pathology at all. Attention is drawn to the absence of one or more teeth in the dentition.
As an exception, there are cases of the development of a cyst in the jaw near the supernumerary (extra) tooth germ.
A tumor is most often diagnosed by accident when a patient undergoes an X-ray examination due to another pathology. In advanced situations, the cyst may swell in the oral cavity.
More rare symptoms in tumors of this type
The disease in rare cases can manifest itself in the form of a number of symptoms:
headache;
pain in the area of teething;
deterioration in well-being, fever;
proliferation in the oral cavity of the follicular cyst of the tooth.
Such signs indicate the progression of the disease, you can not hesitate to visit the dentist. The process of inflammation will not go away on its own, and the lack of treatment can cause serious complications:
The most serious complication of a dental follicular cyst is a purulent inflammatory process - an acute phlegmon.
What is the main danger of this pathology?
When the jaw tissue is squeezed by a growing cyst, the development of dental primordia, the timing of their eruption and location in relation to a number of teeth are disrupted. Dental rudiments can die.
In addition, there is a possibility of suppuration of the cyst. The accumulated pus is trying to take as much space as possible, as a result of which the jaw tissue melts.
As a result of the movement of pus, phlegmon of the neck and face is capable of developing. With perforation of the vascular wall, sepsis appears.
In addition, cases of transformation of a dental cyst into a tumor, mainly into ameloblastoma, were recorded.
When the cyst reaches a large size, the jaw bone becomes thinner and the jaw may break as a result.
How is the treatment of the follicular cyst of the tooth?
The treatment method is determined individually in each case based on the following factors:
- location and size of the cyst;
- absence or presence of suppuration;
- bone tissue lesion rate;
- prospects for further teething.
With the formation of a cyst in the area of the wisdom tooth, its contents are completely removed, as well as the directly uncovered tooth and shell.
When treating a child’s cyst in the canine area, the dentist will assess the possibility of preserving the tooth. With the prospect of such a plan of operation, the anterior cystic wall is removed. After this, a special “course” is formed between the vestibule or the oral cavity on one side and the cyst cavity on the other. The cystic cavity is filled with a piece of the mucous membrane, and then sutured. Considering that patients are in most cases children, an X-ray examination is carried out, preferably modern equipment. Due to this, the radiation dose is reduced. The operation plan helps to make as accurately as possible the possibility of digital processing of the finished radiographs, to avoid violations of the rudiments of the molars and injuries of the jaw vessels.
The removal of the follicular cyst of the tooth is carried out by means of a cystectomy, that is, together with the tooth, or a cystotomy, in which the doctor pumps out the liquid from the capsule and then places a tampon with iodoform in the cavity.
Cyst at the root of the G8
A cyst is a cavity filled with pus or fluid that forms mainly on the root apex. She can hurt any tooth.
There is also a follicular cyst of the wisdom tooth. Due to the specificity of growth and its location, it is exposed to cystic pathology more often than others. In approximately 40% of situations, wisdom teeth remain partially or completely retined, grow in the depths of soft tissues, which is one of the main reasons for the appearance of a neoplasm. Doctors distinguish a separate subspecies of it, which occurs on the gum near an uncut tooth and grows very quickly.
Interestingly, under the upper "eights" the cyst will progress at a higher speed than under the lower. This is due to the fact that the bone on the upper jaw is more porous, and because of this the infection spreads more easily.
Wisdom tooth cyst after removal
A cystic lesion can appear not only on the tooth root, but also in the gum when it is already removed. This phenomenon, unfortunately, is not uncommon, as it is reactions of the body's defense to tissue damage. The reason may be:
- the lack of professionalism of the surgeon during the extraction (for example, the removal of an untimely cotton swab);
- “Dry hole”;
- the use of non-sterile instruments;
- ignoring medical recommendations about the behavior after the operation, rinsing the wounds with herbal decoctions, early termination of antibiotic use, etc.
But even if all the conditions of the cyst are met, after removing the G8, the gum may appear anyway. To avoid the development of education, the surgeon will prescribe antibiotics for treatment after extraction.
After removing the wisdom tooth, the cyst looks like a capsule, its diameter is from 0.5 to 0.8 mm. Doctors advise getting rid of it immediately after diagnosis, as it can quickly increase in size.
Patient reviews about this pathology and its treatment
If the pathology is small, the patient is offered therapeutic treatment and tooth preservation. It takes a lot of time, but can be successful. It requires a lot of skills and strength from the doctor, but with a positive result, the prognosis is usually good, patients do not have to resort to extreme measures.
After removal of the cyst, patients talk about the frequent occurrence of relapses, even if everything was in accordance with the norms. It is impossible to predict such a reaction.
In some cases, even therapeutic treatment does not help get rid of the cyst. The surgical method is the last resort if no other options are available. The prognosis of the front teeth is better than the posterior.