Home decoration is one of the oldest human activities. We spend a lot of time in the house, so the convenience, atmosphere and general feeling of the interior is important for our sense of self. Today, the layout and interior of a residential building is the sphere of work of specially trained people: designers, architects, decorators. We will tell you about the principles on which the interior is built, what decoration styles exist.
Interior concept
The literal translation of the word “interior” from French means “internal”. This concept today includes not only decoration, but also the layout, zoning, the development of a convenient arrangement of furniture and objects in accordance with human behavioral scenarios. When it becomes necessary to create an interior of a residential building, the first thing that comes to mind is to turn to specialists. Design of living space is done by designers, decorators, sometimes architects. But still, more often people are engaged in decorating their home on their own, listening a little to the advice of professionals. Therefore, often interior design comes down to arranging furniture and choosing the color of the walls. And the interior is a thought-out organization of living space, which should contribute to the normal functioning of a person.
Principles of interior planning
Creating the interior of a residential building, one should remember the basic principles of design and layout. First of all, the room must comply with the requirements of ergonomics and anthropometry. That is, it should fit a person in size, allowing him to engage in familiar activities, without spending extra resources and not experiencing discomfort. Also, any design is based on three pillars: utility, function and beauty. Throughout the long history of design, there have been periods when beauty was at the forefront, for example, in the Baroque era, or only functionality, for example, in the style of minimalism. But modern man strives for a balance of aesthetics and practicality, and also strives to comply with the rule of environmental friendliness. A competent description of the interior of a residential building often mentions the main compositional principles that must be taken into account when designing a home. This is integrity, harmony, balance, the presence of a compositional center, accents and rhythm. Any interior consists of three groups of elements: building shell, i.e. walls, floor, ceiling, windows; items i.e. furniture, equipment; functional processes, i.e. everything that allows a person to perform necessary actions indoors, and also forms emotions and atmosphere.
Room Zoning
Making out the living space, it is necessary to think over the functional zones at the design stage . It is based on three principles:
- Age. Separate spaces are needed for different generations of residents.
- Temporary. Traditionally separate night and day time.
- Functional. The room should meet the individual needs and lifestyle of all family members.
The layout of the house should be determined before starting work on the decor. It is necessary to carefully consider places for sleeping, to distinguish public and economic zones, to consider the placement of communications and technical equipment.
Light in the house
A person is a solar creature, and his mood and well-being depend on the illumination of the home, this should be remembered when creating the interior of a residential building. Lighting can be natural and artificial. In the first case we are talking about windows. If possible, it is better to choose dwellings with windows facing different directions, and it is desirable that the openings be large enough. But in any case, it will not be possible to do without artificial lighting. When planning it, you need to think through various lighting scenarios that will help residents live and act comfortably. Traditionally, there is general, functional and accent lighting. The purpose of the general light in the room is to maintain a sufficient level of illumination. Traditionally, its sources are located on the ceiling, it can be a central chandelier or several lamps around the perimeter of the ceiling. Today, in modern interiors, designers are increasingly abandoning the central lamp, and prefer several lamps that maintain a general level of illumination. Functional light sources are installed over areas where residents will perform some kind of activity: read, cook, work. In such places, table or pendant lamps, sconces, floor lamps are usually installed, preferably with the ability to change the angle of incidence of the beam. Accent light is designed to highlight some of its elements in the interior, for example, paintings. For this, small lamps and spots are used.
Plants in the interior of a residential building. Rules of choice, preferences
Plants play an important role in the interior of a residential building. They create comfort, “revitalize” the room, clean the air, fill it with volatile, and can also zon it. However, it is worth remembering a few fairly simple rules. The plant should fit harmoniously in size into the room, it should not capture the whole place, although it can act as an accent. Carefully living plants should be placed in bedrooms and children's rooms, remembering that at night they absorb oxygen. It is also worth remembering that the flora requires care, and if the owners are not ready for it, then you can do with artificial copies.
Furniture arrangement
Any kind of interior of a residential building is impossible without furniture. When planning a home, you need to think about the arrangement of objects in accordance with zoning and the needs of people. The aesthetic factor also plays an important role. The usual way of distributing furniture along the walls is not always convenient and productive. With the help of furniture, you can adjust the shape of the room, which ideally is desirable to bring to the square. The main rules of the arrangement are as follows:
- it is necessary to observe the proportionality and proportionality of objects;
- between the objects in the room there should be enough space for transit, comfortable access to cabinets and shelves should be provided;
- it is worth choosing the main subject, for example, a sofa, fireplace or table, and build a room composition around it. Do not be afraid to take the item to the middle of the room, because the complication of the route of movement can create new scenarios for using the room. Before arranging the furniture, you need to carefully analyze the lifestyle of its owners and provide all possible options for action in order to calculate the space for each function.
Color in the interior
Creating a project on the theme "Interior of a residential building", you need to make important decisions about the color content of the room. Psychologists have proven that color has a great influence on the mood and well-being of a person, this must be taken into account when choosing coloristic options for an apartment. It is also worth remembering that a person will spend a lot of time in these rooms, and nothing should irritate him or oppress him. There is a rule according to which it is not recommended to use more than 3 colors in one room. 60% of the surfaces should be painted in the main color, most often in a restrained and neutral. 30% of the surfaces are in the second color, it should be in harmony with the main, but significantly different from it. The easiest way is to select two tones adjacent in the color wheel. 10% of the room is decorated in contrast to the second color scheme. For example, curtains in the interior of a residential building can be a bright accent, sofa pillows or large decor items can perform the same functions.
Interior style
Today, designers use a variety of styles in the interior of a residential building. Choosing it, it is worth evaluating the capabilities of the room. So, a large bright room is ideal for a classic style, and a small area can be increased using the capabilities of hi-tech or minimalism. Also, the personal preferences of the owners, the climate outside the window, the general concept of design and even fashion influence the choice of style. Making the interior, you should not always strive to create the perfect stylization, yet the house should reflect the individuality of the owners. In addition, today, it’s not the exact stylization that is relevant, but the nuanced interiors, with light hints of some style. Eclecticism is the main style that dominates the 21st century.
Classic
The most popular style in which the interior of a residential building is made is a classic. Its signs are a tendency to light colors and traditional materials: wood, stone. Classical interiors are built on the principles of symmetry, with a clear emphasis on the compositional center. Usually in the center of the room passes an invisible axis, in relation to which a harmonious symmetrical composition is created. This style is characterized by the use of elements such as stucco molding, half columns, pilasters, sockets, expensive fabrics, furniture from an array of valuable species of trees, parquet. Typically, classics tend to use a large number of decorative elements: vases, paintings, cushions, candlesticks, lamps. The classic suggests central lighting in the form of a chandelier, most often a crystal, and several additional light sources.
Historicism
Classical styles in the interior of a residential building are divided into several eras, called "large styles". These are classicism, baroque, rococo and empire. The most luxurious and artsy is Baroque, we can see it in the royal palaces of Louis the Fourteenth. It is typical for him to use a large number of carved, gilded details, velvet in upholstery and drapes, and paintings. More restrained and refined rococo, characteristic of the time of Louis the Fifteenth, is characterized by an almost complete absence of straight lines. In it, as in all historical styles, a tendency to symmetry and the use of natural materials remains. Classicism is the most famous and popular style in the design of houses of the aristocracy. It is inherent in the desire for conciseness and severity of ancient traditions. The imperial style became an option of classicism - empire, which departs from canonical straight lines and simple lines. Empire is a luxury and scope. All historical styles require rooms with high ceilings and large volumes.
Modernity
The concept of "modern style" is very broad. It has an infinite number of variations, with ethnic, historical, functional shades. But most importantly, the modern interior of a residential building should be easy to care for, comfortable for living and in keeping with the spirit of the times. It is characterized by a mix of objects of different styles, characterized by straight lines, a large number of simple surfaces, without drawings and textures. Also, modern style involves a minimum of decor, which would take time to care and overload the interior. Premises in this style are created so that a person can relax and rest. But the interior should be as comfortable as possible, i.e. it should take into account all the functions. Therefore, it often uses transformer objects that perform several functions simultaneously.
Minimalism
A variety of modern style is minimalism. As the name implies, he seeks to remove unnecessary items from the room. First of all, it concerns decor items. There is no place for carpets, chandeliers, vases. The minimalist interior of a residential building makes the most of everything built-in: appliances, lighting. Many pieces of furniture “hide” in plain surfaces. For example, a folding bed or table is a popular minimalist technique. This style is characterized by a small number of colors, the most popular colors are white, gray and black. Bright accents can be used to give dynamics to the interior, for example, a yellow armchair in a gray room.
Modern
Always up-to-date interior design of a residential building is a modernist or art nouveau style. It is characterized by a large number of curved lines, plant motifs. The peak of this style was the interiors of A. Gaudi and F. Schechtel. This style is a fierce opponent of symmetry; straight lines are not characteristic here. Everything is based on a game of shades and nuances. The use of a large number of details, ornaments, an abundance of textiles is inherent in this style, it can combine elements from other styles, the main thing is harmony and mood. The Art Nouveau solution can be bright, using bold coloristic solutions, or it can be subtle, nuanced.
Ethnicity
Designers often offer ethnic style living spaces. The advantage of this style is its infinite variety. These can be national versions of the classics, for example, English or American style. As well as cozy country options, for example, Provence, an Austrian chalet. Although most often ethnics is understood as interiors in the spirit of India, Morocco, Mexico, China, Japan, Africa. The beauty of ethnic style is that it allows you to create a bright and individual image. It is characterized by the use of traditional objects of a certain territory or country.