When planning an interior in a two-story own house, a cottage, it is necessary to pay attention to the arrangement of stairs. It can become a real decoration of the room. Not every interior has a wooden structure. In some cases, it is much more advisable to assemble it from metal. How to build a ladder from a profile pipe with your own hands will be discussed in detail below.
Material benefits
Even a master without work experience can make a ladder from a profile pipe with his own hands (a photo of the finished work is presented below). The presented design has a lot of positive qualities. The metal profile pipe is very strong and durable. Therefore, the staircase from it has the same characteristics if the master adheres to the building rules during the assembly process.
It is quite possible to mount a ladder from a profile pipe yourself. To do this, it is enough to purchase the required amount of material, as well as the appropriate tools. Connections are made by welding. To do this, you need to purchase a welding inverter. Before proceeding with the installation, you need to practice creating welds on unnecessary material. In just a few minutes, you can learn how to handle welding equipment. Modern welding inverters allow even the master without experience to assemble the metal structure quickly and efficiently.
Due to the special qualities of the material, the frame of the structure is assembled quickly. The accuracy of all its elements is easily maintained. For almost any style of interior, you can create the appropriate design. To do this, you need to create before you start drawing.
Do-it-yourself metal stairs from a profile pipe assemble quickly. In this case, the work does not require large financial costs. Metal pipes are relatively inexpensive. With the right choice of material, maintenance of the structure will not be required annually. Corrosion-proof pipes do not require additional protection, so they do not need to be painted. The material remains resistant to moisture and moisture. Corrosion-proof pipes are strong and durable. Therefore, the design will be operated for a long time, will remain safe during operation.
Material selection
You need to choose the material for making the stairs correctly. To do this, you need to purchase a profile pipe with a square or rectangular section. Its size should be 60 x 40 cm. Otherwise, the design will not satisfy the building requirements. Some novice masters, wanting to save money, choose a material with a smaller cross section. It is worth mentioning that assembled with their hands estnitsa of the shaped tube 20 x 40 cm simply deformed during operation. She is not able to withstand the load.
A flimsy look has a do-it-yourself assembly assembled from a profile pipe of 20 x 40 cm. But it is also worth remembering that a too large cross-section of the material makes the construction cumbersome. She looks too massive, rough. This gives the staircase an unpresentable appearance. To create a staircase indoors, a lighter material is more suitable. In this case, the load on the foundation will be less.
Also, when choosing metal pipes, the thickness of their walls must be taken into account. In this case, the recommendations of specialists should be taken into account. Experienced builders are not advised to purchase thick-walled profile pipes for assembling the stairs. The design will look massive, it will weigh a lot. This increases the load on the foundation. It is best to choose thick-walled material to purchase it on the porch. The ladder from the profile pipe with your own hands in this case will be strong and reliable. For her, it will be possible to create a separate foundation by combining it with the base of the house.
To assemble the structure indoors, it is best to purchase pipes with a wall thickness of 5-7 mm. This avoids the occurrence of vibrations during the operation of the structure.
Varieties of designs
The staircase for the porch from the profile pipe 60 to 40 mm or for interfloor ceilings can be of different designs. The following varieties are:
- Attached. This is the easiest option. Such a ladder consists of two support posts, between which there are crossbars. The design is lightweight, therefore it is characterized by mobility. Most often used for attics. It can be folding, allowing the structure to fold. In this case, the staircase will not take up much space, it will be lowered by the mechanism, when the owners of the house need to go up to the attic or attic.
- Step-ladder. With your own hands, you can also assemble such a design from a profile pipe. It has, on the one hand, an ordinary ladder, and on the other, a support. If necessary, the stepladder unfolds or folds, forming an acute angle between its two parts. The upper step is a platform on which you can stand. This is a mobile design, often used for household purposes.
- Marching. The structure of the structure in this case is more complex. Beams are fixed at one level, on which steps are fixed. Marching stairs can be single-level. This design option is used both inside the house and for the porch. If several spans are provided, interconnected by platforms, then this is a multi-level marching staircase. It is often equipped inside the house. The basis for such a staircase is a kosour. He holds the steps from below. string can be used instead kosoura. She supports the steps from the ends.
- Screw. Steps are located on a support rack, rising upward along a spiral. On the other hand it is welded to the railing. This staircase takes up very little space, so it is equipped even in small rooms. It can become the main decoration of the interior, if you carefully think through the design in advance.
- Boltsevye. It is equipped next to the wall, as special bolts cut into it. They fix the steps. It is important that the wall is constructed of durable material, such as brick or concrete.
Mandatory and additional structural elements
Creating a ladder from a profile pipe with your own hands or a stepladder, a design of a marching, screw type or on racks, it is necessary to develop a preliminary drawing. To do this, consider what elements the staircase consists of, what parameters they are characterized by.
At the stairs there is the required and optional elements. The first of them are present in any construction of a stationary type (marching, bolt, screw). Minor elements are used to create a certain appearance or are needed only for certain varieties of stairs.
Any design has steps and supports with which they are fixed. From the correctness of their design depends not only comfort, but also the safety of operation. Steps consist of two parts - risers and treads. The second is located under the first part of the step. Gait is, even in the most simple design. The riser serves as an additional support, it is not always used.
An obligatory element of a ladder from a profile pipe is a support. Its appearance differs in different designs. For the flight of stairs, the support is a braid or bowstring, for boltsovye varieties - these are special durable bolts. For a stepladder and an attached structure, the steps rest on the side rails, and for a spiral staircase, they rest on a stand in the center.
Additional elements for stairs built between two walls are railings. In other constructions of a stationary type, this is an obligatory element. Railings are based on balusters. The presence of the design of these elements increases the operational safety of the stairs.
Between the two marches horizontal platforms may be provided. These are additional parts of the design. If there is not enough room in the room to equip a stationary structure on the bolts or marching type, add similar sites.
Drawing creation
Careful study of each detail requires an interfloor staircase from a profile pipe before assembly. What diameter and thickness of the material is suitable for its creation, you also need to determine before you start work.
The slope of the stairs can not be less than 30º and more than 55º. If this is not possible due to the modest dimensions of the room, creating a turning area is selected for the construction of a spiral staircase.
Horizontal spans should be a multiple of a person’s step. Therefore, they often have a length of 0.5-1 m.
It is necessary to calculate in advance the load that will act on the structure. It must withstand 330-360 kg / m².
The design must have a railing. You can do without them, only when assembling the stepladder, ladder from the profile pipe. With your own hands, you can also assemble a marching structure or on racks without a railing, if they are located between two walls. When developing this structural element, a number of building requirements must be taken into account.
The railing is at a height of 85-90 cm (depending on the growth of the owners of the house) from the steps. Under them are balusters, the distance between which is 20-25 cm. If the owners of the house have small children, you need to take a step between the supports of the railing 10-15 cm.
The number of steps is calculated according to the size of the stairs. But at the same time it is worth considering that a person should begin to move with one leg, and end it with the other. This ensures driving comfort. It is unacceptable that the steps were of different heights. Otherwise, the risk of injury increases significantly.
Calculation of the dimensions of the stairs
The staircase from the profile pipe 60 to 40 mm must be correctly calculated. It should be borne in mind that the steps should be 10-15 cm high. This value is taken into account in the calculations. The width of the steps should also be calculated in accordance with existing requirements. The minimum size is 20 cm. It is best to make steps with a step width of 25 to 30 cm. Otherwise, the foot will not completely surface. It also increases the risk of falling from the stairs.
To complete the assembly of a ladder from a professional pipe with your own hands, it must be correctly calculated. Measure the room, determining which part of it will be the staircase. Further on a sheet of paper they draw a plan of the room, indicating the dimensions. Next you need to draw a perpendicular line from the floor to the ceiling on the first floor. On the surface of the floor from the point of intersection with a straight line draw another line. It will have a length corresponding to the free space in the room. Such an amount of space will take a staircase.
From the end of the line drawn on the floor, lay a line to the ceiling. It turns out a right triangle. On that side where the hypotenuse is located, steps will pass. It is necessary to determine the angle that is formed between the lines of the leg and hypotenuse. It should be, as mentioned above, 30-55º. If the angle does not meet the requirements, rotary pads are included in the design.
Next, the number of steps is calculated. The height of the room is divided by the height of the riser (from 10 to 15 cm). On the hypotenuse make as many marks as it turned out in the calculation. Every detail of the future staircase is being worked out on the drawing.
Installation Start
To assemble an interfloor staircase from a profile pipe with your own hands, you need to purchase the required amount of materials, prepare the appropriate tools. In addition to the profile pipe with a cross section of 60x40 or 80x60 mm, you will need to purchase trims for attaching the steps. It is also metal rolling with a square cross section and a size of 25x25 or 30x30 mm.
Steps are usually made of boards. They must be durable, have a thickness of at least 4 cm. The surface of the boards should be well treated. They are fixed to the jumpers using self-tapping screws. The fastening looks spectacular when using hidden fittings. This, for example, can be self-tapping screws of the Fisher TB system. Their size is chosen in accordance with the dimensions of the pipes and the thickness of the boards. Self-tapping screws will have to go through the metal crossbars and 2/3 of the height of the wood mass.
Since you will be welding the stairs from the profile pipe with your own hands, you need to prepare the inverter. If the master does not know how to use it, you need to practice on an unnecessary metal piece of the workpiece. It is important that you familiarize yourself with the instructions of the manufacturer of the welding equipment before starting work.
In addition to the inverter, you need to purchase a grinder and attachment for her (for corner cutting and metal processing seams after welding). An electric drill and a screwdriver, drills for metal and wood, and a jigsaw will also be needed. If the boards have not been sanded, get a special nozzle and circles with a large and small abrasive for a grinder or drill. To connect the structural parts correctly, you need to use a clamp.
Kosour assembly
To assemble a metal staircase with your own hands from a profile pipe, you need to weld the kosour elements. Its design is developed at the stage of construction work planning. In accordance with the drawing, the required number of parts is calculated. They must have a length calculated in accordance with the plan.
The details of the kosour are cut so that their joint forms a right angle. To do this, the metal is cut with a grinder at an angle of 45º. Before cutting pipes, they carry out high-quality marking. Since a significant load will act on the pipe in the process of creating a slice, it must be clamped in a vice. After performing the correct marking (it is better to double-check several times), an incision is made by the grinder.
Further on the assembly table, lines are drawn on which the prepared parts are laid out. It is necessary to combine them so that a right angle is obtained.
If there is a small gap between the parts, their edges are adjusted. To do this, use a grinder with a grinding wheel. You can not make a new slice. It is only necessary to clean the edges, bringing them to perfection. Prepared details are laid out on a table. They are firmly fixed with clamps. Next, once again check the linear dimensions of the workpieces, as well as the perpendicularity of all angles. Before they are connected, you can make small adjustments. When all the details are cut, combined and double-checked, you can proceed to the next step.
First, the prepared elements of the kosour are connected by welding. Next, the design is turned over and the same procedure is performed on the reverse side. After that, you can fasten all the elements with a single seam. He is led from corner to center. The seams are cleaned of slag, treated with a grinder. Stringers treated with paint on metal.
Installation of stairs
Assembling a ladder from a profile pipe with your own hands, you need to check both braids. They combine, check the evenness of each element. If necessary, adjustments are made. Further, both braids are attached to the surfaces of the floor and floor. If the staircase passes near the main wall, one of the assembled supports is fixed to it using special anchors.
If the design provides for the presence of rotary platforms, support racks are arranged under them.
Assembling the ladder from the profile pipe with your own hands, you need to weld the supports for the steps from the thin profile pipes. The seams are cleaned with high quality, and the finished frame is painted with a special composition.
In the corresponding sections of the kosour and the created frame for the steps, holes are drilled. The diameter should be 9 mm. One step requires 4 hidden type anchors (2 on each side).
Installation completion
Finishing the assembly of the stairs from the profile pipe with your own hands, you need to install anchors in the prepared holes. The taps point up. The board is aligned in the prepared area of the frame. The master stands on it so that holes from the taps are printed on the reverse side. The board is turned over and, according to the created marks, holes are drilled with a diameter of 14 mm and a depth of 25 mm.
The plastic parts of the anchors are inserted into the holes on the metal frame.They screw the metal parts of the retainer into them using a screwdriver. A board is installed on them, the holes in which are filled with wood glue. She is strongly pressed to the base.
Next install the railing. To do this, first balusters are welded. A railing is installed on top of them. In conclusion, finish the design. Welds are cleaned and ground, and metal parts of the structure are preferably painted.