With the advent of autumn, the temperature in the apartments decreases, which causes discomfort. During this period, many use electrical appliances. Also, everyone is interested when they turn on the heating. The answer to this question is presented in the article.
general information
The heating season begins with the utilities turning on the heating and ends with the shutdown. This period lasts from autumn to spring. But the exact time is set by some authorities.
Previously, there was no central heating. The heating of the apartments was carried out using wood stoves. Therefore, no one was interested in when the heating was turned on? Now it is delivered through central pipes. These designs are present in all homes.
But although there is heating now, it is still not enough to achieve a comfortable temperature. Therefore, people use additional sources of heat. It can be heaters, air conditioners and other appliances.
How is the process carried out?
To understand the principle of heating, you should familiarize yourself with the following information:
- The heating of the rooms is carried out thanks to the pipeline. Pipes stretch from the city central boiler room and disperse home. The coolant is water.
- The premises are heated from heat and power plants. Then the heat carrier will be electricity and steam.
- The coolant is supplied through the pipe system. The pipes are in 2 rows. One coolant enters the premises, and the second - returns.
- In apartments there is a distribution of heat through the pipes.
It takes several days to heat up the batteries. Such a system operates in central heating. So all cities are heated, services are paid.
Start
When the heating is turned on, it depends on the specific region. Utilities repair and prepare the system for inclusion. Usually, municipal authorities warn when the heating is turned on. Previously, this season everywhere began in October, but over time it was revealed that the period cannot be the same in each region.
In many Russian cities, the heating season lasts 10 months. In the southern part of the country, in some cities, the system is switched on for only 2 weeks. Therefore, everywhere the beginning of the heating season is different. Utilities should turn on the system when the outside temperature for 5 days is no more than +8 degrees.
What affects the beginning?
Readiness for the heating season should be carried out by specialists. They carry out repairs of the necessary parts so that everything functions correctly in cold weather. Although some standards have been established, the following factors influence the start of the heating season:
- The temperature in the street is taken into account. Heating is turned on if it is no more than +8 degrees for 5 days.
- Forecasts of weather forecasters are taken into account. If they notify that the cold period will be no more than a week, then the heating system may not turn on.
- A favorable beginning of the heating season is determined by taking temperature readings several times a day for 5 days.
These factors determine the start of the heating system. The focus is on temperature, which has been at a low level for a long time. Although many people believe that it is beneficial for utility services to turn on the systems later, violations in this can lead to negative consequences. If the heating does not work in frost, then its components break down. This will result in the need for repairs.
In Moscow
When the heating in Moscow is turned on, many residents of the capital are interested. Its beginning is usually attributed to October. Typically, the inclusion occurs on October 15. Based on this, you can determine when the heating will be turned on in Moscow next year. But the shutdown is based on temperature indicators. Often they stop heating in apartments in late April - early May.
The ending
The end of the heating season is important. Each person needs to know when the housing will no longer be heated. This period is expensive, but it is only charged during heating. The end of this period is also determined by temperature. Usually these indicators are taken into account on the street for 5 days.
Determine the end of the heating season will be based on data from last year. For example, in 2017 in the capital, heating was turned off on May 2. Therefore, in 2018, approximately the same date is expected. But this forecast is approximate, because frosts can be long or, conversely, short.
The disadvantages of central heating
Although this system is used everywhere, it has its drawbacks:
- Work does not stop, so the air is very dry.
- Often pipes in severe frosts burst, because of which interruptions can occur.
- It is not possible to adjust the intensity of the heat supply, so discomfort may be felt.
As you can see, central heating is not working flawlessly. Therefore, many have chosen autonomous space heating.
Off-season heating methods
The start dates for heating are not considered stable, they depend on the average daily temperature. At +8 degrees, the rooms are cold, and for 5 days the housing cools down. Although the average daily rate will be up to +8 degrees or less, some services are in no hurry to turn on the system.
Many residents use fan heaters that can heat large rooms. Devices do not take up much space, they are convenient in storage and operation. But keep in mind that their use affects air quality.
Oil heaters, floor, wall heating convectors are in demand. They less affect the composition of the air, but dry it. The downside is the consumption of large amounts of electricity. To heat a room of 20 square meters. m. a 2 kW heater is needed.
But air conditioning is considered the best option for heating. The device pumps 2.5-5 kW of thermal energy into the apartment from the street, consuming about 1 kW of electricity. The latest generation inverter air conditioners with rotary compressors are considered an economical device. They produce 5 times more heat.
Temperature standards
In cold weather, a standard such as GOST R 51617-2000 applies to room temperatures. According to him, the temperature should be 18-25 degrees. For this range, norms should apply for each room.
For example, in a living room it cannot be less than 18 degrees, and in a bathroom - 25. Deviations in the smaller direction are allowed only at night (from 0:00 to 5:00) no more than 3 degrees. The corner room should be 20 degrees, and for the stairwell in the staircase an indicator of 14-20 degrees is set, the interroom corridor is 16-22 degrees.
By law, citizens can demand a 0.15% reduction in service charges for each hour if temperature standards are not met. Performing simple calculations, you can determine that for 4 weeks of providing low-quality services, the fee is reduced by 90%. If recalculation is not performed voluntarily, you should contact the court.
And if the heating is turned off?
Utilities must ensure that the premises begin to heat in a timely manner. Usually they do this on the basis of a decree for the heating season. If the inclusion did not happen on time, then sanctions are provided.
In the heating season, shutdown is possible according to the following rules:
- For a month, the total shutdown should not exceed 24 hours.
- If without heating in the apartment +12 degrees, then at the same time the heating is turned off no more than 16 hours.
- When the room is +10 degrees, shutdown is possible only up to 8 hours.
- A simultaneous shutdown at +8 is carried out only for 2 hours.
Exceeding the norms should be addressed to utilities. For each hour, payment is reduced by 0.15%. Turn boiler systems on and off. The heating season involves the flow of heat into the premises.
Thus, each region has its own rules for turning on the heating. Utilities must adhere to these rules, otherwise responsibility for inappropriate performance of work is provided.