What is the structure of pedagogical science? This is a separate area that is associated with the process of education. Having gone through a rather complicated and long development path, having accumulated significant experience, it has turned into a full-fledged system of sciences about the formation of the younger generation.
Base of pedagogy
The foundation for it is philosophy, namely that part of it that addresses the problems of education.
The subject of the problem is the structure of pedagogical science interconnected with society, its needs and characteristics.
Pedagogy system
Currently, there are several sections:
- general pedagogy;
- age;
- special types;
- social.
The general section is the structure of pedagogical science and education. Here the general laws of the educational process are considered, the basic principles of the educational and educational process in educational institutions of all types are developed.
The structure of pedagogical science is presented in four large sections:
- general basics;
- didactics;
- theory of education;
- pedagogical management.
Age pedagogy includes several components:
- pedagogy of family education;
- preschool education;
- elementary, high, high school.
Each of the sections is characterized by its own distinctive parameters corresponding to the age characteristics of the groups.
Preschool Pedagogy
The structure of modern pedagogical science is formed in such a way as to create optimal conditions for the formation of a harmoniously developed personality. In elementary school, the patterns of raising a child aged 6-7 years are studied.
Currently, second-generation federal state standards are used in preschool education. They indicate the requirements for a graduate of a preschool educational institution, take into account the social order of the company.
Object and subject
The complex structure of pedagogical science as an object considers the phenomena of reality that determine the development and improvement of the individual in the course of the focused activities of the teacher and society. For example, education is a focused process of training and education in the interests of society, the state, and the individual himself.
The modern structure of pedagogical science as a subject examines the principles, prospects, patterns of the educational process, the development of the theory and technology of such activities. Pedagogical science contributes to the development of new methods, organizational forms, methods of activity of the teacher and his students.
The purpose of science is to identify patterns and search for the most optimal methods for the formation of man, his education, training, upbringing.
The purpose of pedagogy
What is the structure and functions of pedagogical science? First of all, we can mention the theoretical, implemented on three levels:
- explanatory, descriptive;
- prognostic;
- diagnostic.
In addition, it is important to note the technological function, which is implemented at three levels:
- transformative;
- projective;
- reflective.
The main purpose
Why do we need a complex structure of pedagogical science and its leading branches? This area allows you to reveal the basic laws in the areas of training: upbringing, education, management of educational systems. It is pedagogy that studies and generalizes the experience and practice of pedagogical activity, as well as introduces the results into practice.
Considering pedagogy as a science, we note the issues that confront it:
- goal setting;
- learning content;
- technologies and methods of activity of the teacher.
Pedagogical categories
Under education, they consider the process and result of students mastering a system of knowledge, skills, abilities, the formation of moral qualities on their basis, the improvement of cognitive skills and intellectual abilities.
Education involves a directed and controlled process of relations between students and teachers, which contributes to the development of the University of Education.
Socialization consists in the self-realization and development of a person throughout his life. Such a process is carried out using a variety of means of action on the student.
What is the classical structure of pedagogical science? The tasks of pedagogical science are considered above, now we will analyze some of its sections.
Social pedagogy
The system and structure of pedagogical science involves the division of this industry into several sections:
- family pedagogy;
- labor orientation;
- museum activities;
- theater pedagogy.
Family pedagogy solves several important problems related to the upbringing and development of children in the family:
- the creation of theoretical foundations of education;
- analysis of family education experience;
- implementation of scientific achievements in practice;
- substantiation of the relationship between social and family education, as well as technology relations between teachers and parents.
Methods of family pedagogy are divided into two groups: research and teaching (developing).
The empirical method is the collection of factual material relating to the discovery of the links between scientific facts and home education
Family education is one of the forms of development of the younger generation in society, which combines the targeted actions of parents with the efforts of teachers. An example of moms and dads is a specific form of transmission of life (social), as well as the moral experience of the older generation to descendants.
The family does not always have a positive effect on the child. Constant quarrels, conflicts, scandals between parents lead to problems of the psychological plan in the child. This is especially dangerous for the fragile psyche of preschoolers.
Correctional labor pedagogy
The structure of the pedagogical science of its industry makes it possible to involve not only gifted children, but also adolescents with deviations in behavior in the educational and educational process.
Special corrective labor measures in which difficult teenagers are involved contribute to the re-education of children and their successful socialization. When organizing work with such adolescents, educators and psychologists use scientific methods, take into account age-related characteristics, as well as the social experience of those brought up.
Special pedagogy
This branch of pedagogy includes several sections:
- sign language education;
- typhlopedagogy;
- oligophrenopedagogy.
The main task of a teacher who works with children in this field is to overcome mental retardation. The defectologist’s task is to develop elementary behavioral skills for such children in social communication and speech.
Among the goals that the teacher sets himself, we note:
- activities for the formation of high-quality communicative speech in a child;
- development of memory, thinking, attention;
- the formation of skills that are characteristic for a certain age;
- maximum correction of lags in mental and intellectual development.
The defectologist regularly monitors and controls the structure and speed of the session, taking into account the personality of the child. That is why it is so important that the teacher working with such children possesses a deep knowledge of the psychological and medical characteristics of children, and finds an individual approach to each child.
Among the areas of corrective activity, in addition to classes aimed at the development of speech, there are:
- activities for the formation of voluntary attention;
- stimulation of phonetic hearing;
- fine motor exercises;
- use of cerebellar stimulation;
- correction of emotional and mental disorders;
- training in synthesis and analysis, skills in the formation of logical connections between individual objects and phenomena;
- exercises aimed at improving coordination of movements, improving spatial orientation.
Special children need a special approach. That is why in our country there are separate educational institutions in which only highly qualified specialists work.
At present, the Education project is successfully operating in Russia, within the framework of which the education of children with physical disabilities is coordinated. Thanks to information technology, teachers who have received special training are engaged in schoolchildren, who, due to health problems, cannot attend ordinary general educational institutions.
Relationship with other areas
Pedagogy is a science that cannot fully exist without other industries. For example, community with psychology consists in the formation and development of personality. In psychology, the laws of the mental activity of the individual are examined, and in pedagogy, mechanisms for organizing its activities are developed. The connecting link between the sciences is age-related and educational psychology.
The connection with physiology, which studies the life of the organism, analyzes the mechanisms of control of mental and physiological development, and higher nervous activity, is also important.
Finally
Pedagogy is rightfully considered one of the most important sciences in the system relating to the development and formation of personality. A similar process is impossible without quality education. It acts as a purposeful process of interaction with the child, is a way of transferring social experience to him. It is pedagogy, drawing on the achievements of all sciences relating to man, that studies and creates optimal mechanisms for the formation of the child, his education and upbringing.
Currently, serious reforms are underway in the domestic educational system. Instead of classical methods that were used during the Soviet Union, new educational standards are introduced in kindergartens, schools, colleges, higher educational institutions.
During their development, pedagogics and psychologists focused on the social order, therefore, the innovative technologies used by teachers to implement the second generation GEF, contribute to the formation of a harmoniously developed personality, respectful of the culture and traditions of their ancestors.