The intersectoral complex is a special integration structure. Within its framework, the interaction of various industrial sectors and activities is carried out. They are focused on the performance of any functions in the production and distribution of products. Next, we consider in more detail what intersectoral complexes exist.
General information
Intersectoral complex is a structure that can be formed within a separate industrial segment. He, in turn, stands out from the rest in accordance with the general division of labor. So, inside industry there are machine-building, fuel and energy , metallurgical and other intersectoral production complexes.
The largest segments
The country has various intersectoral complexes. However, the largest of them stand out. These include, in particular:
- Fuel and energy complex.
- Agribusiness.
- A complex of industries for the production of chemicals and structural materials.
- Engineering.
- Military-industrial complex.
Brief description of the most important sectors
The fuel and energy intersectoral complex includes an integrated system of shale, peat, coal, oil, gas industry, heat and electricity, sectors for the production of energy and other types of equipment. They are united by a common goal aimed at meeting the needs for fuel, electricity, heat. The agroindustrial interdisciplinary complex includes sectors of the economy that are heterogeneous in their orientation . In particular, it includes the food industry, mechanical engineering for it, the release of plant protection products, mineral fertilizers, and veterinary preparations. It also contains such sectors as agriculture, the construction of industrial facilities, including water management and land reclamation, agricultural machinery. The main task of the agro-industrial complex is the country's food supply.
Classification
Intersectoral economic complexes are conditionally divided into functional and target. The selection of the latter is based on the criteria for participation in the formation of the final product. Also fundamental to their isolation is the reproducing principle. This category of target segments includes engineering, fuel energy, and agribusiness. It also includes transport and mineral-raw intersectoral complexes. Separation of functional sectors is carried out in accordance with the principle of specialization in a particular function. This category includes scientific, technical, investment and infrastructure complexes. Let us consider in more detail the interbranch complexes of Russia.
Investment sector
This intersectoral complex consists of production, construction materials, engineering. The purpose of this sector is to commission the facilities related to fixed assets. This intersectoral complex is involved in the technical re-equipment, expansion and increase of the capacity level. Within its framework, reconstruction of facilities is also carried out.
Scientific intersectoral complex
It combines two sectors. In particular, it includes science and the direct labor process that ensures output. This form is designed to help increase the speed of innovation development and their effective implementation in practice. This intersectoral complex includes research institutes, technological organizations, design bureaus and other enterprises of this orientation.
Fuel and energy complex
This intersectoral complex is a complex system of production and generation of energy and fuel, their transportation, distribution and consumption. The development of the fuel and energy complex affects the scale, technical and economic indicators and the dynamics of industry. At the same time, approximation to energy and fuel sources acts as one of the key requirements for the territorial organization of production. However, from the perspective of the national economy, the existing allocation of resources is irrational. The main consumers of energy occupy the European part of the country, while about 80% of the geological reserve is concentrated in the eastern region. Transportation costs contribute to increasing the cost of the final product. The fuel and energy complex performs the district-forming task. A powerful infrastructure is developed in the immediate vicinity of the sources. It favors the development of industry, the formation and enlargement of cities and nearby towns. However, the fuel and energy complex accounts for about 90% of greenhouse gas emissions, half of the total atmospheric pollution and 1/3 of harmful substances discharged into the water. All this, of course, cannot be regarded as a positive effect.
Metallurgy
The sectors involved in the production of various metals are involved in this intersectoral complex. About 90% of them are ferrous (iron and alloys obtained on its basis). At the same time, the volume of non-ferrous metal is much larger, in connection with this, the enterprises involved in their extraction and processing are of great importance for the segments that ensure the development of scientific and technological research in the national economy. Russia is considered one of the leading countries for the production of metal ores, as well as smelting. About 1.3 million workers are employed in this segment, 1/8 of all production capacities are concentrated.
Chemical forest industry
It is a complex of technologically interacting enterprises. At the same time, chemical plants in this sector are of particular importance. Their role is determined by the widespread use of the products they produce. The chemical industry has an extensive raw material base. It includes:
- Industrial waste.
- Air.
- Water.
- Wood.
- Minerals and so on.
The main raw materials are oil refining products, coal coking - specially prepared materials.
Engineering
This complex is not particularly focused on the domestic consumer. Most of the products that are produced in the eastern region are exported to the European territory of Russia. The needs of the Far East and Siberia in equipment and machinery are satisfied by 70-90% with supplies from the western regions and due to imports. The location of enterprises engaged in the machine-building complex directly depends on the nature of the product: the mass of products, the breadth of the nomenclature, the scale of production of a single, sectoral, general industrial application. The distribution efficiency is influenced by several factors:
- The volume of labor resources.
- Specialization, combination, cooperation, concentration of production.
- Proximity to sources of raw materials.
- Scientific and technical development.
- The volume of transport activities and their costs.
Military industry
This complex includes a set of testing, research institutions and organizations, as well as enterprises engaged in the production of relevant products. Their common activity is aimed at the development, storage, manufacture, putting into service of special and military equipment, ammunition, ammunition and other things. All these products are intended for export or for use by the internal power structures of the state. Representatives of the Ministry of Defense and other departments and agencies may act as organizations and customer institutions. These entities influence the decision-making on the creation of individual types of weapons, the statement of terms of reference, the holding of a competition among potential performers, the approval of developed re-equipment projects. Since January 2008, all purchases in accordance with the decision of the Military-Industrial Commission have been carried out through the Federal Agency for the Supply of Material Assets, Special and Military Equipment, and Arms.