Throughout her life, a woman is faced with many gynecological problems. Some of them can pose a great threat to life and health, for example, uterine bleeding. What is it, why does it arise and what are the methods of treatment? How to stop uterine bleeding?
Description
ICD-10 uterine bleeding is code N93 and is a discharge of blood from the reproductive organ. The classification includes the main varieties of pathological bleeding, which has a different nature and causes.
Menstruation can also be attributed to uterine bleeding, however, it is natural for the female body and does not require therapy. Pathological discharge of physiological fluid due to gynecological problems and require immediate treatment.
Menstrual flow
Every month, women experience uterine bleeding (ICD-10 this phenomenon does not include, since it is not pathological), which is associated with rejection of the uterine endometrium due to the lack of fertilization. This phenomenon is called menstruation. On average, it first starts at age 11 and ends at 55.
Healthy menstruation should meet the following parameters:
- duration does not exceed 7 days;
- total blood loss is not more than 80 ml;
- there should not be large clots in the fluid;
- The monthly cycle should be from 21 to 35 days.
If there are deviations from the norm, we can talk about pathological menstruation, or uterine bleeding.
Varieties of pathology
Uterine bleeding can occur due to many disorders in the reproductive organs. The following varieties of the pathological condition are distinguished:
- Dysfunctional bleeding occurs due to a violation of the ovulatory cycle, as well as the activities of the organs responsible for the menstrual cycle. Most often observed in women giving birth at the age of 30 years.
- Obstetric bleeding can occur during pregnancy, childbirth and in the process of rehabilitation after them. This variety is the most dangerous for a woman, since it differs in the intensity of discharge, the suddenness of the appearance. Without the timely provision of qualified medical care, death from the loss of a large amount of blood is possible.
- Organic bleeding occurs in the presence of abnormalities of the woman's reproductive system.
- Iatrogenic appear as a result of uncontrolled intake of oral hormonal contraceptives, as well as with incorrect installation of the intrauterine device.
- Uterine bleeding with menopause occurs during the restructuring of the hormonal background of the body.
- Juveniles are observed in adolescent girls during the period of hormonal changes in the body.
- Diffuse bleeding occurs due to the formation of uterine fibroids and typical pathological changes in the structure of the endometrium.
Depending on the type of condition, different drugs are selected for uterine bleeding, which not only stop the release of fluid, but also affect the cause of the occurrence.
Causes of occurrence
Most often, a pathological condition occurs due to a violation of the hormonal background. However, there are also other causes of uterine bleeding:
- diseases of the hematopoietic system - anemia, hemoblastosis (cancer of the blood), coagulation disorders of physiological fluids;
- thrombocytopenia - a decrease in the number of platelets;
- pathology when bearing a fetus;
- injuries of the internal genital organs;
- gynecological diseases of the uterus and appendages;
- malignant and benign tumors of the reproductive system;
- the postpartum period;
- ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage;
- improper installation of intrauterine contraceptives;
- taking hormonal drugs without a doctor's prescription;
- hypovitaminosis and vitamin deficiency;
- a sharp change in climatic living conditions;
- endometriosis and other uterine pathologies;
- tuberculosis of the internal or external organs of the reproductive system.
In addition, the causes of uterine bleeding can be inflammatory processes, infectious diseases. Such conditions require immediate treatment.
Bleeding in newborns
Newly minted young mothers worry if they notice bloody vaginal discharge from their daughters in the first few days of life. However, gynecologists argue that minor discharge is the norm, since the hormonal background changes immediately after birth.
An alarm should only be sounded in case of abundant uninterrupted discharge with blood impurities, as they may indicate other diseases requiring treatment.
Symptoms
Depending on the causes of the pathology, a woman may experience the following symptoms:
- hypotension - lowering blood pressure;
- general weakness;
- dizziness and headache;
- profuse blood discharge from the genital tract;
- the need to change gaskets more than once per hour;
- pain in the lower abdomen, it can be either dull or acute;
- pallor of the skin;
- with large blood loss, tachycardia, loss of consciousness can be observed.
These manifestations of the pathological condition are a significant reason for seeking medical help.
What is the danger?
The main consequence of the pathological condition is a large loss of blood, for the restoration of which the body will need a certain period of time. In cases of failure to provide timely medical care, a fatal outcome is possible if the bleeding is too intense.
In addition, spotting from the uterus that is not menstrual causes malfunctions in the monthly cycle. Thus, menstruation can come late and have an atypical duration. Uterine bleeding can also cause anemia (anemia).
Which doctor should I go to?
Faced with the release of blood from the reproductive organ, a woman thinks about which doctor to consult. Since the problem is gynecological, it should be solved by a doctor of appropriate qualifications. However, he may resort to consulting other specialists if the problem is adjacent to others.
If the bleeding is profuse and is accompanied by a large number of unpleasant symptoms, then do not wait for a consultation with a gynecologist. In this case, emergency assistance is needed by the medical team. Her competence includes first aid, as well as the delivery of the patient to the hospital. In this case, the woman is transported exclusively on a stretcher. According to circumstances, ambulance doctors can administer the patient medications that stop the blood, contribute to a decrease in uterine tone, as well as blood substitute solutions (Reopoliglyukin, Polyglyukin), which are used for large blood loss. It is important that the woman be handed over to doctors from the hospital as soon as possible.
Diagnostics
It is not recommended to delay the treatment of uterine bleeding, as it can have serious consequences. In order to act directly on the cause of the pathological condition, it is important to diagnose. To do this, the following procedures are carried out:
- A general blood test, which gives information about its composition, as well as the presence or absence of an inflammatory process in the body.
- The study of vaginal secretion taken from the cervix and the walls of the organ for cancer.
- Ultrasound diagnostics displays visual information about the state of the uterus and appendages on the screen.
- A biopsy is necessary if you suspect a cancerous tumor.
- Analyzes to determine the hormonal background. Particular attention is paid to those hormones that are produced by the thyroid gland.
- Curettage of the cervical canal of the cervix for further histological examination of the tissue. In some cases, the procedure is also therapeutic in nature.
When conducting diagnostics, the high speed of sampling the material and preparing the results of the study is important. This is due to the high danger that accompanies uterine bleeding.
First aid
Uterine bleeding, like any other, can be of high intensity and pain, therefore, having discovered the first symptoms, it is necessary to immediately call an ambulance team. How to stop uterine bleeding? Before the arrival of doctors, it is necessary to take first aid measures to alleviate the condition of a woman:
- It is important to help the patient take a horizontal position, while it is recommended that the legs be laid on a small hill (a pillow or a roller from a towel).
- Dicinon tablets for uterine bleeding, as well as their analogue Etamzilat, help reduce the intensity of spotting.
- To reduce pain, ice can be applied to the lower abdomen.
- It is necessary to monitor the well-being of the woman and her blood pressure. With a sharp decrease, it is recommended that the patient give sweet tea.
Incorrect first aid or ignoring it can cost a woman her life.
Hemostatic therapy
First of all, doctors will stop the outflow of physiological fluid. With uterine bleeding, hemostatic procedures play a crucial role. Today, the following methods are used:
- Preparations for the restoration of hormonal levels. Most often, this treatment of uterine bleeding is used for adolescent girls or women in menopause, when the hormonal background is unstable.
- Removal of the internal endometrium of the uterus. The operation is performed using a curette, which scrapes the cavity of the organ, or laser.
- "Dicinon" with uterine bleeding helps to stop the outflow of fluid in a timely manner.
- Thermachoyce is a surgical procedure that involves the introduction of a balloon into the uterine cavity, which, by slowly heating, destroys endometrial cells, thereby stopping bleeding. The method is suitable exclusively for women with uterine bleeding with menopause. Since a side effect is the loss of reproductive ability.
- "Tranexam" with uterine bleeding has not only the ability to stop the blood flow, but also anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious effect.
Also, depending on the reasons that caused bleeding from the uterus, it is necessary to undergo complex therapy to eliminate these diseases.
Folk remedies
How to stop uterine bleeding with alternative medicine? Before using any methods of traditional medicine, a consultation with the attending doctor is necessary. It is important not to replace the traditional treatment with folk treatment, since herbal preparations are not always able to cure the disease. It is recommended to use folk remedies in combination with tablets for uterine bleeding, as well as to restore the body from blood loss.
The following recipes are popular:
- nettle broth (1 tbsp dry leaves pour 1 liter of water and boil for 3-4 minutes) should be taken 3-4 times a day, 100 ml for a week;
- the peel of an orange needs to be poured with boiling water and infused for a day, the infusion is used 2 times a day for 2 tbsp. l .;
- juice of viburnum is mixed with sugar in a ratio of 1: 2. The tool must be taken 2 times a day, mixing 1 tbsp. l viburnum with a glass of warm water.
It is worth remembering that these folk remedies are aimed at improving immunity and general well-being, and not at eliminating the immediate problem of uterine bleeding.
Prevention
In order not to have to think about how to stop uterine bleeding, it is important to adhere to simple recommendations:
- visit the gynecologist at least 1 time in 6 months for examination, even if there are no complaints;
- timely treat emerging gynecological problems;
- observe intimate hygiene;
- protect yourself from sexually transmitted diseases;
- live a healthy life;
- control the hormonal background of the body;
- reduce the number of stressful situations.
Unfortunately, it is not always possible to completely protect yourself from bleeding, since there are many reasons that contribute to the occurrence. However, it is within your power to significantly reduce risks.