The sea has always been the element that attracted a huge number of tourists. However, this water surface serves a person not only for recreational purposes, but also is a place for food and minerals, as well as a space used for transportation of goods. It is sea transport that is the most popular for the delivery of large cargoes from one country to another. This system includes:
- sea vessels;
- seaports;
- ship repair plants;
- sea routes.
Vessels are classified according to numerous criteria. So, differentiation can be based on the area into which sea transport goes , the class of the installed engine, load capacity, destination, etc. If we take the first sign as a basis, then the vessels are divided by navigation areas from 0 to 4 complexity categories. In this case, ships belonging to the latter species are divided into 5 categories. In this way, the sea transport of Russia is classified. Ships belonging to the navigation area of the 0th complexity category have the right to go everywhere without any restrictions.
For its intended purpose, maritime transport can be used both for civilian and state purposes. Ships of the last category and their varieties are part of the country's navy . The category of civil courts includes:
a) industrial;
b) transport;
c) technical fleet.
The second type also collected several subspecies, namely: passenger, cargo and special. The merger of the first and second categories gave rise to another, fourth, type - cargo-passenger ships. Such ships have the right to collect on board both gravity and people at the same time.
Passenger maritime transport carries exclusively people, and in the legal sense implies motor ships, ferries and ships, which, in addition to the crew, can take on board more than 12 people.
Cargo ships are divided into bulk and dry cargo vessels. The first category includes tankers and gas carriers. Dry cargo vehicles are differentiated into general and specialized vessels. The latter include maritime transport such as timber trucks, bulk carriers, refrigerated vessels, container ships and rollers. This category is the most widespread in the whole world. Thanks to the dry cargo transport, various cargoes are delivered quickly and efficiently, for the most part bulky and large tonnage. In addition, transportation in this way is not only cheaper, but sometimes the only possible method. These vessels are equipped with all the necessary attributes to perform both loading and unloading operations. In addition, for the transport of goods, products and objects requiring special temperature conditions, dry cargo vessels are equipped with (for the most part) refrigerated holds. The cargo transported on such ships can be packed in a variety of ways: bales, containers, boxes, barrels, etc.
The world's marine transport is divided into state-owned vessels, commercial, passenger and fishing vessels, coastal and offshore vessels .