Temperaments of people are individual characteristics of the personality and character of each of them. The temperament and character of a person are the basic properties of his personality and individuality. It reflects the characteristics of human behavior that are characteristic of him from birth, expresses the attitude of the individual to the world around him.
For a successful activity and communication with others, a person simply needs to take into account people's temperaments and their characteristics. This reduces the likelihood of conflict and potential stress.
Temperaments of people have been studied since the II century BC. e. It was then that Claudius Galen identified four types that are still in use.
- Choleric . People with such a temperament are unbalanced and hot-tempered. Their mood can change at any moment. In addition, they are characterized by frequent and violent outbursts of anger or other vivid manifestations of feelings. However, choleric, as a rule, are very resourceful and unforgettable. These are very initiative and energetic individuals who can gladly take up any work. But the long and monotonous work is not for them, and over time they become bored. Such people often do not bring what they started to completion. Choleric - sharp, unrestrained, strong, impulsive, emotional and pronounced personality.
- Sanguine . This is an extremely energetic, restless, easy-going person who loves movement. Sanguine inherent speed of reaction, expressive facial expressions and gestures. It looks like choleric, but more balanced. I’m also ready to take on almost any work, but the maximum return will be only if the work will cause real interest. Sanguine is very sociable and easily adapts to a new environment. An emotional person, but unlike a choleric, his experiences are not so deep. This type is characterized by impatience, carelessness, restlessness, superficiality and even inconstancy.
- Phlegmatic . This type is the exact opposite of sanguine and choleric. People with this temperament are usually leisurely and leisurely. They prefer to do everything slowly and hate fast movements. Phlegmatic people do not seek to express their feelings and emotions. They are pragmatic, responsible and diligent. They do their work leisurely, but efficiently, and always complete what they started. Phlegmatic people are persistent, slow, calm, constant, persistent and persistent individuals.
- Melancholic . Very vulnerable, touchy and secretive people. Melancholy prone to sad thoughts and deep feelings. People of this type are characterized by restraint, muffled speech, slow motion, timidity, embarrassment and indecision. They can be either good workers who successfully go through life, or closed, fearful, vulnerable, prone to various inner experiences.
The temperament of a person is determined from birth - this is an innate property of a person, unchanged throughout life. However, temperament has always been a subject for scientific research. His study was carried out by such
famous scientists as Wundt, Kant, Pavlov. And the British psychologist Eisenck in the twentieth century developed a test to determine the temperament of a person. The test is a questionnaire of 50-100 questions. Thanks to this test, one can determine with sufficient accuracy the type of person’s temperament.
The temperaments of people are completely different. But there is no worse or better one. Therefore, when communicating, efforts should be made to determine and use the advantages of a particular temperament.